Exam 3 Flashcards
What are the 4 sutures of the skull
coronal, sagittal, lambdoidal, squamous (temporal)
The common carotid arteries break into what 2 branches
external and internal carotid
The four (major) branches of the external carotid
facial, occipital, maxillary, superficial temporal
The six branches of the internal carotid
ophthalmic, anterior/middle/posterior cerebral arteries, basilar, vertebral
What is the function of the circle of willis?
to supply the brain with blood
What are the two jugular vein classifications?
internal and external
is white or gray matter myelinated?
white matter
What is Cranial Nerve V?
Trigeminal Nerve
What are the names of the three ventricles
lateral, third, fourth
what are the three different types of meninges
dura mater, arachnoid, pia mater
from superficial to deep, what is the order of meninges
dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater
Which is the tough, protective meninx?
dura mater
Which meninx is intimately attached to the brain and spinal cord
pia mater
What are the four major brain regions
cerebrum, diencephalon, cerebellum, brainstem
What is Cranial Nerve XII?
Hypoglossal Nerve
Where is the third ventricle located
diencephalon
Where is the lateral ventricle located
cerebrum
Where is the fourth ventricle located
cerebellum
Where is the cerebellum located?
the back of the head, in the occipital region
What is the name of the hole in the skull that the spinal cord exists out of
foramen magnum
What are the three parts of the brainstem
midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata
how many of each spinal nerves are there
cervical-8
thoracic-12
lumbar-5
sacral-5
What is Cranial Nerve II?
Optic Nerve
What is Cranial Nerve III?
Oculomotor Nerve
What is Cranial Nerve IV?
Trochlear Nerve
What is Cranial Nerve V?
Trigeminal Nerve
What is Cranial Nerve VI?
Abducens Nerve
What is Cranial Nerve VII?
Facial Nerve
What is Cranial Nerve VIII?
Vestibulocochlear Nerve
What is Cranial Nerve IX?
Glossopharyngeal Nerve
What is Cranial Nerve X?
Vagus Nerve
What is Cranial Nerve XI?
Accessory Nerve
What is Cranial Nerve XII?
Hypoglossal Nerve
What are the four hemispheres of the brain?
Frontal, Parietal, Temporal, and Occipital
What are the five types of taste?
Sweet, sour, salty, bitter, and umami
What are the bumps on the tongue called?
Papillae
What are the four muscles of mastication?
Temporalis, Masseter, Medial Pterygoid, and Lateral Pterygoid
how many of each spinal nerves are there
cervical-8
thoracics-12
lumbar-5
sacral-5
What five muscles elevate the hyoid bone?
Stylohyoid, Digastric, Mylohyoid, Hypoglossus, and Geniohyoid
What four muscles depress the hyoid bone?
Sternohyoid, Omohyoid, Thyrohyoid, and Sternothyroid
What are the three “types” of cranial nerves?
sensory, motor, both
What is one pneumonic to remember whether the cranial nerve is sensory, motor, or both?
Some Say Marry Money But My Brother Says Big Brains Matter More
What is one pneumonic to remember the names of the cranial nerves?
Oh Oh Oh To Touch And Feel Very Good Velvet Ah Ha
What is the function of the Olfactory Nerve?
Sensory
What is the function of the Optic Nerve?
Sensory
What is the function of the Oculomotor Nerve?
Motor
What is the function of the Trochlear Nerve?
Motor
What is the function of the Trigeminal Nerve?
Both Sensory and Motor
What is the function of the Abducens Nerve?
Motor
What is the function of the Facial Nerve?
Both Sensory and Motor
What is the function of the Vestibulocochlear Nerve?
Sensory
What is the function of the Glossopharyngeal Nerve?
Both Sensory and Motor
What is the function of the Vagus Nerve?
Both Sensory and Motor
What is the function of the Accessory Nerve?
Motor
What is the function of the Hypoglossal Nerve?
Motor
How many true and false ribs are there?
7 true ribs and 5 false ribs (2 of which are floating)
What are the four major plexuses of the spinal nerves?
Cervical, Brachial, Lumbar, Sacral
Which type of spinal nerve branch receives sensation for the skin and muscles of the back?
Dorsal
The ventral branch of spinal nerves receives sensation from the skin that travels through the _______ ramus.
Anterior
Which part of the brainstem routes visual and auditory signals to higher and lower parts of the brain?
Midbrain
Which part of the brainstem sends signals between the cerebrum and cerebellum?
Pons
Which part of the brainstem controls heart rate, blood pressure, respiratory rate, and swallowing?
Medulla oblongata
Sensory signals are received in the spinal cord dorsally or ventrally?
dorsally
Motor signals leave the spinal cord dorsally or ventrally?
ventrally
The lacrimal gland is located ___________ to the eye ball.
superiorly and laterally
What is the function of the retina?
contains layers of neurons that function as light receptors
What is the back 4/5 of the outer tunic called?
Sclera
Where are the hair cells that vibrate to produce sound located?
Organ of Corti
Which part of the ear is the vestibular complex located within?
Inner ear
Function of the frontal lobe
Controls skeletal muscles, “control center”
Function of the Temporal lobe
auditory processing
Function parietal lobe
tactile sensory
Function occipital lobe
processes vision, general recognition
Function olfactory bulb
Sense of smell processed
Function thalamus
Relay center for sensory information
Function of the hypothalamus
controls emotion, autonomic function, hormone production
Cerebellum
Muscle coordination and storing of muscle memory
Midbrain
Route for signals to higher and lower parts of the brain; visual and auditory signals
Function of the pons
regulation of breathing, route for signals to higher and lower parts of brain
Function medulla oblogata
Heart rate, blood pressure, respiratory rate, swallowing control
Function orbicularis oculi
closes eye
function arbicularis oris
pursing lips
function frontalis
raises eyebrows, wrinkles forehead
function levator labii superioris
raises upper lip
function depressor labii inferioris
lowers lower lip
function mentalis
elevates and protrudes lower lip
Function zygomaticus major
elevates corner of mouth
Function zygomaticus minor
elevates upper lip
Function depressor angularis
lowers corners of mouth
function buccinator
compress the cheek against the teeth
True or False: The brachiocephalic trunk is only on the left side
False, the brachiocephalic is only on the RIGHT side
True or False: The vertebral artery and vein run through the transverse foramina of the lumbar vertebrae
False, the vertebral artery and vein run through the transverse foramina of the CERVICAL vertebrae
True or False: The meninges have 4 layers: dura, arachnoid, grey, and pia
False, there are only 3 layers of meninges (all but grey are correct)
True or False: The outer most layer of the meninges is the tough, dura mater
True
True or False: “Decussating: is a term that can be applied to some brain signals and means “crossing over”
True
True or False: The cerebrum is separated into two hemispheres, frontal and back
False, there are 4 hemispheres of the cerebrum (Frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal)
True or False: The two hemispheres of the brain are connected by the hemispheric cortex
False, the two sides of the brain are connected via the corpus callosum
True or False: ganglia is white matter outside of the central nervous system
False, ganglia refers to bundles of nerves in the PNS
What is the right atrioventricular value name?
Tricuspid (3 flaps)
What is the left atrioventricular valve name?
Bicuspid (2 flaps)/ mitral valve
What is the right semilunar valve name?
Pulmonary semilunar valve
What is the purpose of the Fibrous Skeleton
Support the valves; Serve as an electrical barrier between valves
What is the function of the atrioventricular valves?
to prevent blood flow from going backwards from ventricles to atria
Where does the sense of small occur?
Roof of nasal cavity
What is the valve order of blood flow?
- Atria contracts- opens AV valves- pushes blood into ventricles
- Ventricles contract- AVs close, semilunars open, pushes blood into blood vessels
- Atria and Ventricles contract- AVs and semilunars both closed
Function papillary muscles
attach to and pull chordae tendinae, anchored in the heart wall
Function chordae tendinae
threads that reinforce AV valves, prevent them to blow out the wrong way
What are the three layers of the heart wall? (listed superficial to deep)
visceral pericardium (epicardium), myocardium, endocardium
Which valve does blood pass through to enter the right ventricle from the right atria?
Tricuspid Valve
Which is thicker, atria or ventricles?
Ventricles, they are the ones pumping the blood out of the heart
Which is the thickest chamber of the heart?
The left ventricle, it pumps blood to the entire body
What makes up the “skeleton” of the heart
Stiff fibrous connective tissue that surrounds and supports the valves
What layer of the heart is the thickest?
Myocardium
Which muscle wrinkles the forehead and raises the eyebrow?
Frontalis
Which is the thickest chamber of the heart?
The left ventricle, it pumps blood to the entire body
The __________ humor is a large jelly-like filling that is posterior to the lens.
vitreous
Where does the sense of smell occur?
Roof of nasal cavity
What makes up the “skeleton” of the heart
Stiff fibrous connective tissue that surrounds and supports the valves
T/F: The Left Atria and Left Ventricle contract together
False: Two atria contract together/Two ventricles contract together
T/F: The Pulmonary Artery carries oxygenated blood to the body
False: Pulmonary Artery brings Deoxygenated blood to the lungs
Which Heart Chamber has the thickest wall (Myocardium)
Left Ventricle
What is the purpose of the Fibrous Skeleton
Support the valves; Serve as an electrical barrier between valves
What makes up the control system (conducting system) of the heart?
SA node, AV node, AV bundle, Purkinje fibers
Is the cardiac muscle voluntary or involuntary?
involuntary
Which muscle surrounds and closes the eye?
Orbicularis occuli
Which muscle surrounds the mouth and purses the lip?
Orbicularis oris
Which muscle raises the lip?
Levator Labii Superioris
Which muscle lowers the lip?
Depressor Labii Inferioris
Which muscle elevates and protrudes the lower lip?
Mentalis
Which muscle elevates the corners of the lip?
Zygomaticus major
Which muscle elevates the upper lip?
Zygomaticus minor
Which muscle lowers the corner of the mouth?
Depressor Anguli Oris
Which muscle pushes the cheek against the teeth?
Buccinators
Which muscle wrinkles the forehead and raises the eyebrow?
Frontalis
What is the SA node
Sinoatrial node, natural pace maker of the heart, initiates heart beat
What is the AV node
atrioventricular node, pause
Where is the Bundle of His located
Inter-ventricular Septum
T/F: The Purkinje Fibers control the contraction for the Atria
False: Control contraction of the Ventricles
Name the origin, insertion, and action for the Temporalis.
O: temporal bone
I: coronoid process
A: elevate mandible
Name the origin, insertion, and action of the masseter.
O: zygomatic arch
I: Ramus of mandible
A: elevates jaw
Name the origin, insertion, and action for the medial pterygoid.
O: pterygoid process of sphenoid
I: Medial rams of mandible
A: Elevating jaw
Name the origin, insertion, and action of the lateral pterygoid
O: pterygoid process of sphenoid
I: neck of mandibles
A: elevation, sideways movement, and depression of mandible
Name the origin, insertion, and action of the mylohyoid.
O: mandible
I: Hyoid
A: elevates hyoid and floor of mouth
(larger, sheet-like, floor of oral cavity)
Name the origin, insertion, and action of the digastric.
O: anterior: mandible, posterior: mastoid process
I: hyoid (sling)
A: elevate hyoid and depress mandible
Name the origin, insertion, and action of the stylohyoid
O: styloid process of skull
I: hyoid
A: elevate larynx
Name the origin, insertion, and action of the sternohyoid.
O: sternum and clavicle
I: hyoid
A: depress hyoid and larynx
Name the origin, insertion, and action of the thyrohoid
O: thyroid cartilage
I: hyoid
A: depresses hyoid and elevates larynx
Name the origin, insertion, and action of the thyrohyoid
O: sternum
I: thyroid cartilage
A: depresses larynx (and hyoid)
