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BIOL 240 (Full) > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 sutures of the skull

A

coronal, sagittal, lambdoidal, squamous (temporal)

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2
Q

The common carotid arteries break into what 2 branches

A

external and internal carotid

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3
Q

The four (major) branches of the external carotid

A

facial, occipital, maxillary, superficial temporal

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4
Q

The six branches of the internal carotid

A

ophthalmic, anterior/middle/posterior cerebral arteries, basilar, vertebral

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5
Q

What is the function of the circle of willis?

A

to supply the brain with blood

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6
Q

What are the two jugular vein classifications?

A

internal and external

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7
Q

is white or gray matter myelinated?

A

white matter

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8
Q

What is Cranial Nerve V?

A

Trigeminal Nerve

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9
Q

What are the names of the three ventricles

A

lateral, third, fourth

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10
Q

what are the three different types of meninges

A

dura mater, arachnoid, pia mater

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11
Q

from superficial to deep, what is the order of meninges

A

dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater

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12
Q

Which is the tough, protective meninx?

A

dura mater

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13
Q

Which meninx is intimately attached to the brain and spinal cord

A

pia mater

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14
Q

What are the four major brain regions

A

cerebrum, diencephalon, cerebellum, brainstem

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15
Q

What is Cranial Nerve XII?

A

Hypoglossal Nerve

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16
Q

Where is the third ventricle located

A

diencephalon

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17
Q

Where is the lateral ventricle located

A

cerebrum

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18
Q

Where is the fourth ventricle located

A

cerebellum

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19
Q

Where is the cerebellum located?

A

the back of the head, in the occipital region

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20
Q

What is the name of the hole in the skull that the spinal cord exists out of

A

foramen magnum

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21
Q

What are the three parts of the brainstem

A

midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata

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22
Q

how many of each spinal nerves are there

A

cervical-8
thoracic-12
lumbar-5
sacral-5

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23
Q

What is Cranial Nerve II?

A

Optic Nerve

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24
Q

What is Cranial Nerve III?

A

Oculomotor Nerve

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25
Q

What is Cranial Nerve IV?

A

Trochlear Nerve

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26
Q

What is Cranial Nerve V?

A

Trigeminal Nerve

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27
Q

What is Cranial Nerve VI?

A

Abducens Nerve

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28
Q

What is Cranial Nerve VII?

A

Facial Nerve

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29
Q

What is Cranial Nerve VIII?

A

Vestibulocochlear Nerve

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30
Q

What is Cranial Nerve IX?

A

Glossopharyngeal Nerve

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31
Q

What is Cranial Nerve X?

A

Vagus Nerve

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32
Q

What is Cranial Nerve XI?

A

Accessory Nerve

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33
Q

What is Cranial Nerve XII?

A

Hypoglossal Nerve

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34
Q

What are the four hemispheres of the brain?

A

Frontal, Parietal, Temporal, and Occipital

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35
Q

What are the five types of taste?

A

Sweet, sour, salty, bitter, and umami

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36
Q

What are the bumps on the tongue called?

A

Papillae

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37
Q

What are the four muscles of mastication?

A

Temporalis, Masseter, Medial Pterygoid, and Lateral Pterygoid

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38
Q

how many of each spinal nerves are there

A

cervical-8
thoracics-12
lumbar-5
sacral-5

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39
Q

What five muscles elevate the hyoid bone?

A

Stylohyoid, Digastric, Mylohyoid, Hypoglossus, and Geniohyoid

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40
Q

What four muscles depress the hyoid bone?

A

Sternohyoid, Omohyoid, Thyrohyoid, and Sternothyroid

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41
Q

What are the three “types” of cranial nerves?

A

sensory, motor, both

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42
Q

What is one pneumonic to remember whether the cranial nerve is sensory, motor, or both?

A

Some Say Marry Money But My Brother Says Big Brains Matter More

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43
Q

What is one pneumonic to remember the names of the cranial nerves?

A

Oh Oh Oh To Touch And Feel Very Good Velvet Ah Ha

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44
Q

What is the function of the Olfactory Nerve?

A

Sensory

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45
Q

What is the function of the Optic Nerve?

A

Sensory

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46
Q

What is the function of the Oculomotor Nerve?

A

Motor

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47
Q

What is the function of the Trochlear Nerve?

A

Motor

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48
Q

What is the function of the Trigeminal Nerve?

A

Both Sensory and Motor

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49
Q

What is the function of the Abducens Nerve?

A

Motor

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50
Q

What is the function of the Facial Nerve?

A

Both Sensory and Motor

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51
Q

What is the function of the Vestibulocochlear Nerve?

A

Sensory

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52
Q

What is the function of the Glossopharyngeal Nerve?

A

Both Sensory and Motor

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53
Q

What is the function of the Vagus Nerve?

A

Both Sensory and Motor

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54
Q

What is the function of the Accessory Nerve?

A

Motor

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55
Q

What is the function of the Hypoglossal Nerve?

A

Motor

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56
Q

How many true and false ribs are there?

A

7 true ribs and 5 false ribs (2 of which are floating)

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57
Q

What are the four major plexuses of the spinal nerves?

A

Cervical, Brachial, Lumbar, Sacral

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58
Q

Which type of spinal nerve branch receives sensation for the skin and muscles of the back?

A

Dorsal

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59
Q

The ventral branch of spinal nerves receives sensation from the skin that travels through the _______ ramus.

A

Anterior

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60
Q

Which part of the brainstem routes visual and auditory signals to higher and lower parts of the brain?

A

Midbrain

61
Q

Which part of the brainstem sends signals between the cerebrum and cerebellum?

A

Pons

62
Q

Which part of the brainstem controls heart rate, blood pressure, respiratory rate, and swallowing?

A

Medulla oblongata

63
Q

Sensory signals are received in the spinal cord dorsally or ventrally?

A

dorsally

64
Q

Motor signals leave the spinal cord dorsally or ventrally?

A

ventrally

65
Q

The lacrimal gland is located ___________ to the eye ball.

A

superiorly and laterally

66
Q

What is the function of the retina?

A

contains layers of neurons that function as light receptors

67
Q

What is the back 4/5 of the outer tunic called?

A

Sclera

68
Q

Where are the hair cells that vibrate to produce sound located?

A

Organ of Corti

69
Q

Which part of the ear is the vestibular complex located within?

A

Inner ear

70
Q

Function of the frontal lobe

A

Controls skeletal muscles, “control center”

71
Q

Function of the Temporal lobe

A

auditory processing

72
Q

Function parietal lobe

A

tactile sensory

73
Q

Function occipital lobe

A

processes vision, general recognition

74
Q

Function olfactory bulb

A

Sense of smell processed

75
Q

Function thalamus

A

Relay center for sensory information

76
Q

Function of the hypothalamus

A

controls emotion, autonomic function, hormone production

77
Q

Cerebellum

A

Muscle coordination and storing of muscle memory

78
Q

Midbrain

A

Route for signals to higher and lower parts of the brain; visual and auditory signals

79
Q

Function of the pons

A

regulation of breathing, route for signals to higher and lower parts of brain

80
Q

Function medulla oblogata

A

Heart rate, blood pressure, respiratory rate, swallowing control

81
Q

Function orbicularis oculi

A

closes eye

82
Q

function arbicularis oris

A

pursing lips

83
Q

function frontalis

A

raises eyebrows, wrinkles forehead

84
Q

function levator labii superioris

A

raises upper lip

85
Q

function depressor labii inferioris

A

lowers lower lip

86
Q

function mentalis

A

elevates and protrudes lower lip

87
Q

Function zygomaticus major

A

elevates corner of mouth

88
Q

Function zygomaticus minor

A

elevates upper lip

89
Q

Function depressor angularis

A

lowers corners of mouth

90
Q

function buccinator

A

compress the cheek against the teeth

91
Q

True or False: The brachiocephalic trunk is only on the left side

A

False, the brachiocephalic is only on the RIGHT side

92
Q

True or False: The vertebral artery and vein run through the transverse foramina of the lumbar vertebrae

A

False, the vertebral artery and vein run through the transverse foramina of the CERVICAL vertebrae

93
Q

True or False: The meninges have 4 layers: dura, arachnoid, grey, and pia

A

False, there are only 3 layers of meninges (all but grey are correct)

94
Q

True or False: The outer most layer of the meninges is the tough, dura mater

A

True

95
Q

True or False: “Decussating: is a term that can be applied to some brain signals and means “crossing over”

A

True

96
Q

True or False: The cerebrum is separated into two hemispheres, frontal and back

A

False, there are 4 hemispheres of the cerebrum (Frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal)

97
Q

True or False: The two hemispheres of the brain are connected by the hemispheric cortex

A

False, the two sides of the brain are connected via the corpus callosum

98
Q

True or False: ganglia is white matter outside of the central nervous system

A

False, ganglia refers to bundles of nerves in the PNS

99
Q

What is the right atrioventricular value name?

A

Tricuspid (3 flaps)

100
Q

What is the left atrioventricular valve name?

A

Bicuspid (2 flaps)/ mitral valve

101
Q

What is the right semilunar valve name?

A

Pulmonary semilunar valve

102
Q

What is the purpose of the Fibrous Skeleton

A

Support the valves; Serve as an electrical barrier between valves

103
Q

What is the function of the atrioventricular valves?

A

to prevent blood flow from going backwards from ventricles to atria

104
Q

Where does the sense of small occur?

A

Roof of nasal cavity

105
Q

What is the valve order of blood flow?

A
  1. Atria contracts- opens AV valves- pushes blood into ventricles
  2. Ventricles contract- AVs close, semilunars open, pushes blood into blood vessels
  3. Atria and Ventricles contract- AVs and semilunars both closed
106
Q

Function papillary muscles

A

attach to and pull chordae tendinae, anchored in the heart wall

107
Q

Function chordae tendinae

A

threads that reinforce AV valves, prevent them to blow out the wrong way

108
Q

What are the three layers of the heart wall? (listed superficial to deep)

A

visceral pericardium (epicardium), myocardium, endocardium

109
Q

Which valve does blood pass through to enter the right ventricle from the right atria?

A

Tricuspid Valve

110
Q

Which is thicker, atria or ventricles?

A

Ventricles, they are the ones pumping the blood out of the heart

111
Q

Which is the thickest chamber of the heart?

A

The left ventricle, it pumps blood to the entire body

112
Q

What makes up the “skeleton” of the heart

A

Stiff fibrous connective tissue that surrounds and supports the valves

113
Q

What layer of the heart is the thickest?

A

Myocardium

114
Q

Which muscle wrinkles the forehead and raises the eyebrow?

A

Frontalis

115
Q

Which is the thickest chamber of the heart?

A

The left ventricle, it pumps blood to the entire body

116
Q

The __________ humor is a large jelly-like filling that is posterior to the lens.

A

vitreous

117
Q

Where does the sense of smell occur?

A

Roof of nasal cavity

118
Q

What makes up the “skeleton” of the heart

A

Stiff fibrous connective tissue that surrounds and supports the valves

119
Q

T/F: The Left Atria and Left Ventricle contract together

A

False: Two atria contract together/Two ventricles contract together

120
Q

T/F: The Pulmonary Artery carries oxygenated blood to the body

A

False: Pulmonary Artery brings Deoxygenated blood to the lungs

121
Q

Which Heart Chamber has the thickest wall (Myocardium)

A

Left Ventricle

122
Q

What is the purpose of the Fibrous Skeleton

A

Support the valves; Serve as an electrical barrier between valves

123
Q

What makes up the control system (conducting system) of the heart?

A

SA node, AV node, AV bundle, Purkinje fibers

124
Q

Is the cardiac muscle voluntary or involuntary?

A

involuntary

125
Q

Which muscle surrounds and closes the eye?

A

Orbicularis occuli

126
Q

Which muscle surrounds the mouth and purses the lip?

A

Orbicularis oris

127
Q

Which muscle raises the lip?

A

Levator Labii Superioris

128
Q

Which muscle lowers the lip?

A

Depressor Labii Inferioris

129
Q

Which muscle elevates and protrudes the lower lip?

A

Mentalis

130
Q

Which muscle elevates the corners of the lip?

A

Zygomaticus major

131
Q

Which muscle elevates the upper lip?

A

Zygomaticus minor

132
Q

Which muscle lowers the corner of the mouth?

A

Depressor Anguli Oris

133
Q

Which muscle pushes the cheek against the teeth?

A

Buccinators

134
Q

Which muscle wrinkles the forehead and raises the eyebrow?

A

Frontalis

135
Q

What is the SA node

A

Sinoatrial node, natural pace maker of the heart, initiates heart beat

136
Q

What is the AV node

A

atrioventricular node, pause

137
Q

Where is the Bundle of His located

A

Inter-ventricular Septum

138
Q

T/F: The Purkinje Fibers control the contraction for the Atria

A

False: Control contraction of the Ventricles

139
Q

Name the origin, insertion, and action for the Temporalis.

A

O: temporal bone
I: coronoid process
A: elevate mandible

140
Q

Name the origin, insertion, and action of the masseter.

A

O: zygomatic arch
I: Ramus of mandible
A: elevates jaw

141
Q

Name the origin, insertion, and action for the medial pterygoid.

A

O: pterygoid process of sphenoid
I: Medial rams of mandible
A: Elevating jaw

142
Q

Name the origin, insertion, and action of the lateral pterygoid

A

O: pterygoid process of sphenoid
I: neck of mandibles
A: elevation, sideways movement, and depression of mandible

143
Q

Name the origin, insertion, and action of the mylohyoid.

A

O: mandible
I: Hyoid
A: elevates hyoid and floor of mouth
(larger, sheet-like, floor of oral cavity)

144
Q

Name the origin, insertion, and action of the digastric.

A

O: anterior: mandible, posterior: mastoid process
I: hyoid (sling)
A: elevate hyoid and depress mandible

145
Q

Name the origin, insertion, and action of the stylohyoid

A

O: styloid process of skull
I: hyoid
A: elevate larynx

146
Q

Name the origin, insertion, and action of the sternohyoid.

A

O: sternum and clavicle
I: hyoid
A: depress hyoid and larynx

147
Q

Name the origin, insertion, and action of the thyrohoid

A

O: thyroid cartilage
I: hyoid
A: depresses hyoid and elevates larynx

148
Q

Name the origin, insertion, and action of the thyrohyoid

A

O: sternum
I: thyroid cartilage
A: depresses larynx (and hyoid)

BIOL 240 (Full) (3 decks)

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