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Philosophy > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Exsanguination

A

Bleed out

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2
Q

Fundamental wrong Animal Rights

A

Animals are resources/ property

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3
Q

Rights view

A

What does it mean to have rights?
What is a right?
How do you get one?

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4
Q

Intrinsic value

A

Values of a individual/ own sake as an end

Moral value

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5
Q

Extrinsic value

A

Valuable as a means/ tool

Has a use

Ex.fan

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6
Q

Egalitarian (Intrinsic Value)

A

We are all equal

“Everyone has the same intrinsic value”

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7
Q

Right to respectful treatment

A

RECOGNIZE intrinsic value

“One must act accordingly”

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8
Q

Rights trump utility

A

Crime and punishment

Ex. Wrong to kill rich pawn collector

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9
Q

Subjects of life

A

More than sentience

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10
Q

Sentience

A

Conscious/alive

Desires/preferences
Beliefs (moral responsibilities, right/wrong)
sense of time/ memory & expectation

ABOUT HUMANS

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11
Q

What is NOT the fundamental wrong in animal rights?

A

Pain and unhappiness

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12
Q

Counter-intuitive objection to animal rights

A

They (animals) have equal moral rights

Us as humans have the same level as respects as animals

Animals do not have the same rights as humans but the same strength to respect is the same.

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13
Q

Human belief on animals

Reply:

A

We believe humans are more important than animals.

Our responses are different when comparing humans and animals

We have different responses, emotions and beliefs it makes a HUGE difference

Reply: intuitions might be mistaken

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14
Q

Objections to animal rights: animals do not have intrinsic value

Reply:

A

Reply: why not?

What do animals not have that we do have?

Animals are not rational
No language
No beliefs
No sense of time

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15
Q

Objections to animal rights: animals do not have intrinsic value

what is the problem??

A

Problem of marginal cases

Humans on the margins

Speciesism

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16
Q

Normative ethics

A

Making moral decisions

How do I decide the right thing to do?

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17
Q

Deontology

A

“Deon” duty/obligation

Right and wrong not determined by consequences

About past/present & not future

Specify what it is about the ACTION

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18
Q

Obligation 1

“You should study for your exam.”

Moral?

Desire dependent or not?

A

NOT moral

Desire-Dependent

If you want a good grade. If you want to pass the class then you should study. (Desire)

“If you want x then you should y.”

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19
Q

Meaning of IF

A

Hypothetical/ conditional

“If you want x then you should y.”

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20
Q

Obligation 2

“You should tell the truth.”

Moral?

Desire dependent or not?

A

Is Moral

Not desire-dependent

Categorical
“You must tell the truth.”
Cannot be rejected

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21
Q

Rejection to desire

A

“I don’t want that.”

Reject desire/obligation

“Should” is rejected

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22
Q

Moral motivation

A

Moral action

What puts you in motion for next step

Desires are motivating

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23
Q

“You should tell the truth.”

What’s the motivation?

A

Not desire

24
Q

Non cognitivism

A

Wanting something

Requires non cognitive/ affective state

Desires and emotions

25
Q

Cognitivism

A

Believing something

Deontological

Does not deny desires and motivations motivate you but it’s not only those two that motivate you

26
Q

“I must help this person.”

What is the motivation?

A

The reason alone

27
Q

Cognitivism independent of what?

A

Independent of affect (fear, happiness,etc) IRRELEVANT

28
Q

Animal Rights Goals

A

Stop the use of animals

No food animals
No lab animals
No hunting/trapping

29
Q

Categorical Imperative

CI 1

A

Act only according to the rule that can be universalized.

30
Q

CI 1

Act only according to the rule that can be universalized.

A
  1. What rule would I be following if I did x? False promise
  2. Is the rule universalizable? (Can everyone follow the rule all the time?)

False promise ex.
Need $ lie about paying them back or tell them you need $ and you won’t ever pay them back

31
Q

What do you need to make lies plausible/believable?

A

Require background of truth

32
Q

Euthanasia

A

“Mercy killing”

Eu- good/happy

Thanatos- death

When is the quality of life so low that death is good?

Causing or not preventing the death of a terminally ill person (includes ones self)

33
Q

Active E

A

Direct action to kill ill individual

Intention to cause death

34
Q

Voluntary Euthanasia

A

ill person is rational, competent, consents

PAS (physician assisted suicide)

35
Q

Involuntary Euthanasia

A

Non-competent
Non-rational
Cannot consent

PRS (persistent vegetative state)
Comatose

36
Q

Passive E

Who Denys the distinction?

A

Withholding medical treatment, prolong life

Ex. Remove feeding tube
Turning off ventilation

Denys: doctors and nurses

37
Q

Sentience

A

Moral beliefs and responsibilities and diff between right and wrong

Sentient being has a sense of time, memory, and expectation

38
Q

What is CI 2?

A

Act as that you always treat others as ends and never as means

39
Q

Importance of CI 2

A

Recognize intrinsic value in others & don’t use them as tools

Act accordingly

40
Q

Comatose

A

Deep unconsciousness for a prolonged period of time

41
Q

AMA

American Medical Association

A

Euthanasia is the administration of a lethal when to remove pain

Fundamentally incompatible with physicians

42
Q

AMA

Passive E

Active E

A

Passive E
For humane reasons a physician may allow a terminally ill patient to die

Active E
Is NOT okay
No physician assisted suicide

43
Q

American Nursing Association

ANA

A

Nurses may not act with sole intent of ending a persons life even if respecting a persons wishes

No matter what compassionate motivation is

44
Q

Physician Assisted Suicide STATES

A

Oregon
Washington
Vermont
California -2016

45
Q

PAS conditions

A

Patient must be in final 6 months terminal diagnosis

Two doctors must confirm

Patient must be mentally competent/voluntary

Patient 2 written and 1 verbal request

46
Q

Against Euthanasia

Standard view of PAS

A

1 killing a human, killing ones self

2 killing is deliberate and intentional

3 no recovering is reasonably expected

euthanasia intentionally taking life of a person

47
Q

Hypothetical

A

Desires and motivations

Puts you in the next step

Desires are motivating

48
Q

Categorical

A

Reason as motivation

Cannot reject obligation

49
Q

Euthanasia :Argument from Nature

A

E is unnatural

Drive to live, will to live

Undignified

Natural goal of life

50
Q

Euthanasia: argument from self-interest

A

E is irrational

Are you really so sure?
Is the diagnosis accurate?

Mistaken diagnosis
New procedures
Spontaneous remission
Will to live

51
Q

Euthanasia: argument from practical effects

A

E is dangerous

Corrupting effect on health care

52
Q

For Euthanasia

1st argument Against SV

A

E will decrease suffering

Ex. Removing feeding tube =starving to death

53
Q

For Euthanasia

Second argument against SV

A

Killing is not morally worse than letting die

“Killing is not necessarily worse than letting die”

54
Q

SV Reply: intentions of the physician

A

Doctor does nothing to cause death, medical conditions cause death

55
Q

For Euthanasia

Third argument against SV

A

Intentions of the physician

Reply: withholding medical treatment is an action one can perform by not doing other actions

Philosophy (4 decks)

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