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Psych 2000 > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

Erikson Stage 5

A

Identity vs. Role confusion during adolescence (Who am I and where am I going? Do I have a unified sense of self?) Make decisions about occupation, beliefs, etc

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2
Q

Erikson stage 6

A

Intimacy vs. isolation early adult years (Shall I share my life with another or live alone forever)

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3
Q

Erikson stage 7

A

Generactivity vs. stagnation- middle adulthood (will I produce something of real value? Have I contributed to the world in some meaningful way?)

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4
Q

Erikson Stage 8

A

Integrity vs. despair- late adulthood (Have I lived a full life? Accept successes and failures)

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5
Q

Jean Piaget

A

Who said, “Children are not like adults but instead think much differently about the world”

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6
Q

Piagets 4 stages

A

Sensorimotor stage, Preoperational stage, concrete operational stage, and formal operational stage

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7
Q

Sensorimotor stage

A

Piaget 4 stages: from birth until 2 years

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8
Q

Preoperational stage

A

Piaget 4 stages: from 2 years to 7 years

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9
Q

concrete operational stage

A

Piaget 4 stages: from 7 years until 12 years

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10
Q

Formal operational stage

A

Piaget 4 stages: from 12 years to adulthood

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11
Q

Sensorimotor stage

A

One of piagets stages: sense and motor abilities; object permanence

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12
Q

Object permanence

A

put a blanket over a marker and babies thin it has actually disappeared from existence

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13
Q

Preoperational stage

A

One of piagets stages: Egocentricism and conservation issues

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14
Q

Egocentricism

A

can’t view world though someone else’s perspective; e.g. cover eyes and think you can’t see them, assume that what they see everyone does

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15
Q

Conservation issues

A

Flipping a beaker upside down, centration and irreversibility

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16
Q

centration

A

ability to focus on only one feature of an aspect

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17
Q

Concrete operational stage

A

One of piaget’s stages: becomes capable of concrete logical thought processes but is not yet capable of abstract thinking; conservation is possible

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18
Q

Formal operational stage

A

One of piaget’s stages: abstract thinking

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19
Q

Piaget’s theory

A

Stressed the importance of the child’s interaction with objects, while underestimated the role of others in child’s acquisition of knowledge and skills

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20
Q

Intrinsic motivation

A

Person performs action because it’s fun, challenging or in some way satisfying in an internal matter

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21
Q

Extrinsic motivation

A

Person performs action because it leads to outcome that is separate from or external to the person

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22
Q

Drive

A

A psychological tension and physical arousal that arises when there is a need

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23
Q

Drive

A

motivates organism to act to fulfill the need and reduce the tension

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24
Q

Need

A

requirement of some material e.g. water, food that is essential for survival of the organism

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25
Q

Primary drive

A

Involve needs of the body such as hunger or thirst

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26
Q

Acquired drives

A

learned through experience or conditioning, such as the need for money or social approval

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27
Q

Need for achievement

A

Involved strong desire to succeed in attaining goals- not only realistic ones, but also challenging ones

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28
Q

Locas of control

A

In a need for achievement, where you believe the responsibility of your situation lies

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29
Q

Internal locus of control

A

When you believe you are responsible for your outcome

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30
Q

External locus of control

A

The outside world is primarily responsible for what happens to you

31
Q

Need for affiliation

A

the need for friendly social interactions and relationships with others

32
Q

Need for power

A

the need to have control or influence over others

33
Q

Cognitive Mediational Theory

A

A stimulus must be interpreted by a person in order to result in a physical response and an emotional reaction

34
Q

Facial Feedback Hypothesis

A

Facial expressions provide feedback to the brains concerning the emotion being expressed, which in turn causes and intensifies the emotion

35
Q

Facial Feedback Hypothesis

A

See shark> arousal and involuntary facial expression>interpretation> feel fear

36
Q

Cognitive Mediational Theory

A

See shark> appraisal of threat> fear> bodily response

37
Q

Amygdala

A

Very important in perception and regulation of emotion; key to our response of fear

38
Q

Fast, crude “low road” and slower but more involved cortical “high road”

A

Emotional stimuli travel to the amygdala by both:

39
Q

compliance

A

changing one’s behavior as a result of other people directing or asking for the change

40
Q

Foot in the door technique

A

Asking for a small commitment and after gaining compliance, you ask for a bigger commitment

41
Q

door in the face technique

A

ask for a very large commitment and once refused, you ask for a smaller commitment

42
Q

lowball technique

A

get a commitment from a person, and then raise the cost of that commitment

43
Q

obedience

A

Changing one’s behavior at the command of an authority figure

44
Q

Nature

A

Refers to heredity, the influence of inherited characteristics on personality, physical growth, intellectual growth, and social interactions

45
Q

Nurture

A

Refers to the influence of the environment on all of those same things and includes parenting styles, physical surroundings, economic factors and anything that can have influence on development that does not come from within a person

46
Q

Behavioral Genetics

A

A field in investigation of the origins of behavior in which researchers try to determine how much behavior is the result of genetic inheritance and how much is due to a person’s experiences

47
Q

Monozygotic twins

A

the two babies come from one fertilized egg; will be the same sex, and have identical features

48
Q

Dizygotic twins

A

Which type of twin is a result from an older woman who are from certain ethnic groups

49
Q

Dizygotic twins

A

fraternal twins, when a woman’s body releases more than one egg at a time or release an egg in a later ovulation period

50
Q

Conjoined twins

A

in a twinning process, when the mass of cells does not completely split apart it results in them beings joined at the point where the two cell masses remained stuck.

51
Q

Genetics

A

The science of heredity

52
Q

Dominant

A

genes that are more active in influencing the trait

53
Q

recessive

A

genes that are less active in influencing the trait and will only be expressed in the observable trait if they are paired with another less active gene

54
Q

Schachter-singer cognitive arousal theory

A

tow things have to happen before emotion occurs: the physical arousal and a labeling of the arousal based on cues from the surrounding environment “I am aroused in the presence of a scary dog, therefore, I must be afraid

55
Q

James-Lange theory

A

physical arousal leads to the labeling of emotion, I am embarrassed because my face is red

56
Q

Cannon-Bard theory

A

The fear and the bodily reactions are experienced at the same time I’m afraid and running and aroused!

57
Q

Lazarus

A

who came up with cognitive meditational theory of emotion; the interpretation of the arousal that results in the emotion of fear

58
Q

common sense theory

A

I’m shaking because I’m afraid

59
Q

Prejudice

A

Negative attitude held by a person about the members of a particular social group

60
Q

discrimination

A

treating people differently because of prejudice toward the social group to which they belong

61
Q

conformity

A

changing one’s own behavior to more closely match the actions of others

62
Q

Social loafing

A

people who are lazy tend not to do as well when other people are also working on the same task, but they can do quite well when working on their own

63
Q

social cognitive theory

A

prejudice is seen as an attitude that is formed as other attitudes are formed, throughout direct instruction, modeling and other social influences on learning

64
Q

Education

A

what is the best weapon against prejudice

65
Q

Overcome prejudice

A

Why is there intergroup contact: where student and faculty from many different backgrounds live, work, and study together

66
Q

Equal status contact

A

has been shown to reduce prejudice and discrimination which forces people to be in the same situation with neither group holding power over the other

67
Q

jigsaw classroom

A

each student is given a piece of the puzzle for solving a problem and reaching a goal. then they share it with other members of the group

68
Q

Attitude

A

a tendency to respond positively or negatively toward a certain idea, person, object or situation

69
Q

True

A

T/F attitude are often poor predicts of behavior unless the attitude is very specific or very strong

70
Q

How we form attitudes

A

direct contact, direct instruction from parents, interacting with other people, vicarious conditioning, and persuasion

71
Q

persuasion

A

the process by which one person tries to change the belief opinion, position, or course of action of another person throughout argument, pleading, or explanation

72
Q

Cognitive dissonance

A

sense of discomfort or distress that occurs when a person’s behavior does not correspond to that person’s attitudes

73
Q

stereotypes

A

a belief that a set of characteristics is shared by all members of a particular social category

Psych 2000 (1 decks)

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