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BIOL 300 > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What is one of the functions of spliceosomes?

A

Remove introns

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2
Q

Which of the following features is common to both DNA replication and transcription?

A

A sugar phosphate bond is formed between the 3’ hydroxyl and the 5’ phosphate

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3
Q

Which histone protein is not part of the nucleosome structure?

A

H1

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4
Q

What would you expect to find bound to the stop codon at the ribosomal A site?

A

A release factor

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5
Q

Why are abnormalities in the number of sex-chromosomes in mammals usually less severe in their phenotypic effects than abnormalities in the number of autosomes?

A

There are relatively few functional genes on the Y chromosome
Random X chromosome activation

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6
Q

A chromosome contains the following gene-order: ABCD-EFGH, which of the following rearrangements represents a pericentric inversion?

A

AFE-DCBGH

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7
Q

What is one difference between DNA replication in bacteria versus eukaryotes?

A

Eukaryotic chromosomes have many origins of replication, while bacteria have only one origin of replication

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8
Q

If you heat a solution containing DNA molecules?

A

The hydrogen bonds will be disrupted and the two strands will separate

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9
Q

Ribozymes are enzymes that

A

are composed of RNA

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10
Q

Which of the following enzymes neither makes nor breaks phosphodiester bonds?

A

Helicase

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11
Q

Consider synapsis in prophase I of meiosis for two plant species that each carry 36 chromosomes: Species A is diploid and species B is triploid. What characteristics of homologous chromosome synapsis can be used to distinguish these two species?

A

The diploid will have 18 bivalents whereas the triploid will have a combination of trivalents, bivalents, and univalents.

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12
Q

Which of the following statements about ddNTPs is true?

A

They have a hydrogen at the 3’ carbon of the ribose sugar

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13
Q

Which of the following is most likely attributable to a base substitution at a 5’ splice junction?

A

A longer than usual final transcript

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14
Q

You wish to create a mutation in which you prevent access of RNA polymerase to the gene. Which region of a gene would you target?

A

Promoter sequence

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15
Q

Which of the following is a common consequence of unequal crossover between homologs in repetitive DNA regions of the chromosome?

A

Partial duplication and deletion

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16
Q

Which type of chromosome rearrangement results in the fusion of the long arms of two nonhomologous chromosomes to produce a larger chromosome and a net reduction in chromosome number?

A

Robertsonian translocation

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17
Q

If an organism is an inversion heterozygote

A

Homologous chromosomes align during meiosis through formation of an inversion loop at synapsis

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18
Q

An organism with the genome size of n=23 experienced a Robertsonian translocation. How many chromosomes would you expect to see in the karyotype of a somatic cell in an affected individual?

A

44

19
Q

Which of the following features is common to both DNA replication and transcription?

A

A sugar-phosphate bond is formed between the 3’ hydroxyl and 5’ phosphate.

20
Q

If you heat a solution containing DNA molecules

A

The hydrogen bonds iwll be disrupted and the two strands will separate

21
Q

Ribozymes are enzymes that

A

are composed of RNA

22
Q

Which chemical group is at the 5’ end of a single polynucleotide strand?

A

Phosphate group

23
Q

Which one of the following enzymes neither makes nor breaks phosphodiester bonds?

A

helicase

24
Q

Which of the following is a common consequence of unequal crossover between homologs in repetitive DNA regions of the chromosome?

A

Partial duplication or deletion

25
Q

Which type of chromosome rearrangement results in the fusion of the long arms of two nonhoomologous chromosomes to produce a larger chromosome and a net reduction in chromosome number?

A

Robertsonian translocation

26
Q

If an organism is an inversion heterozygote

A

Homologous chromosomes align during meiosis through formation of a Holliday junction at synapsis

27
Q

Humans with the condition of familial Down syndrome exhibit which type of chromosomal aberration?

A

Chromosome 14/21 Robertsonian translocation

28
Q

What is one difference between DNA replication in bacteria versus eukaryotes?

A

Eukaryotic chromosomes have many origins of replication, while bacteria have only one origin of replication

29
Q

Which of the following statements about ddNTPs is true?

A

They have a hydrogen at the 3’ carbon of the ribose sugar

30
Q

Which of the following is most likely attributable to a base substitution at a 5’ splice junction?

A

A longer than usual final transcript

31
Q

You wish to create a mutation in which you prevent access of RNA polymerase to the gene. Which region of a gene would you target?

A

Promoter sequence

32
Q

Which regions of a gene are not found within the mRNA transcript?

A

promoter region

33
Q

Which of the following feature is common to both DNA replication and transcription?

A

A sugar phosphate bond is formed between the 3’ hydroxyl and the 5’ phosphate

34
Q

What are syntenic genes?

A

Genes that are located on the same chromosome

35
Q

Syntenic genes can assort independently when

A

They are far apart on a chromosome and crossing over occurs frequently between the genes

36
Q

The two loci A/a and D/d are linked. The following test cross is made: AD/ad x ad/ad. The progeny consisted of: AD/ad (50%) and ad/ad (50%). What can you deduce about the distance between A/a and D/d?

A

A/a and D/d are linked so closely that no crossovers ever occur

37
Q

The loci A/a and B/b are linked 22 cM apart. From an individual Ab/aB, what proportion of gametes will be AB?

A

11%

38
Q

In drosphila, the eye-color mutation scarlet (st) and the bristle mutation spineless (ss) are located in chromosome 3 at a distance of 14 map units. What phenotypes and in what proportions would you expect in the progeny from the mating of st+ ss+/ st ss females x st ss/st ss males?

A

43% wild type; 43% scarlet spineless; 7% scarlet; 7% spineless

39
Q

For a given cross, the expected number of double recombinants is 20 and the observed number of double recombinants is 15. What is the interference in this region?

A

0.25

40
Q

In a temperature-sensitive mutant strain of E. Coli, Okazaki fragments accumulate, and DNA synthesis is never completed. What is the enzyme or function likely affected in this strain?

A

DNA ligase

41
Q

What is one of the functions of spliceosomes?

A

Remove introns

42
Q

If you heat a solution containing DNA molecules

A

The hydrogen bonds will be disrupted and the two strands will separate

43
Q

Which one of the following enzymes neither makes nor breaks phosphodiester bonds?

A

Helicase

BIOL 300 (4 decks)

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