exam 3 Flashcards
Heat is eliminated by the body in all of the following ways EXCEPT:
Conversion
Which of the following is the most effective means that the body has to dissipate heat, when the temperature and radiant heat of the environment are higher than the body temperature?
Evaporation
In warm weather, athletes seldom replace more than __ of lost water even though replacement fluids are taken as desired
50%
As body weight increases, the incidence of death by heatstroke also increases by a ratio of:
4:1
The purpose of a sling psychrometer is to measure:
Relative humidity
A critical consideration in avoiding heat stress is to:
Acclimatize
A heat disorder caused by profuse sweating, diarrhea, persistent muscle cramps and dizziness with loss of coordination is:
Exertional heat exhaustation
Absence of sweating with hot, flushed skin, sudden collapse, altered consciousness and seizures in indicative of:
Exertional heat stroke
In giving emergency treatment for a heat stroke victim, the athletic trainer should direct efforts at:
Lower body temperature with a cool towels and transport to a hospital
65% of the heat produced by the body is lost in cold weather by:
Radiation
Shivering ceases below a body temperature of:
85-90 degrees
In the cold, which of the following form a triad that can lead to muscoskeletal injury?
Inadequate clothing, improper warm-up, high chill factors
With severe deep frostbite of an extremity, the water temperature useful for re-warming should be:
100-110 degrees
Which of the following responses would NOT be seen in a person just beginning to become acclimatized to high altitudes?
Conservation of glucose
An athlete suffering from pulmonary edema may experience all of the following EXCEPT:
pale skin
When nitrogen dioxide, oxygen, and hydrocarbon are acted on by sunlight, the byproduct is:
ozone
A syndrome that reflects a desynchronization of the athlete’s biological time clock is called:
Circadian dysrhythmia
If you are out on the soccer practice field and you see lighting, what should you do?
Stop activity and seek shelter
A rare condition in which muscle temperature increases faster than core temperature and has symptoms similar to heat stroke is know as:
Malignant hyperthermia
All of the following are syptoms of frostnip EXCEPT:
Skin tissue may become gangernous
If the flash to bang is 15 seconds, how far away is lightening occurring?
3 miles
How many minutes before exposure to the sun should sunscreen be applied?
15-30
When a storm is near and a person’s hair stand on end, what should they do?
Drop to the ground and assume a crouched position
Which of the following conditions is caused by peripheral vasodilation of the superficial vessels, hypotension or a pooling of blood in the extremities, which results in dizziness, fainting, and nausea:
Heat syncope
A syndrome characterized by sudden catabolic destruction and degeneration of skeletal muscle is known as:
Acute exertional rhabdomyolysis
Body temperature regulation results almost entirely through cutaneous cooling from radiation.
False
When a person’s temperature reaches 104 degrees F, the chances of survival are decreased dramatically
True
Solutions such as sports drinks are not any better for the athlete in replacing fluid loss than water.
False
Overweight individuals have as much as 18% greater heat production than underweight individuals, because metabolic heat is produced proportionately to surface area.
True
Athletes with a large muscle mass are particulary prone to heat illness
True
When the WBGT Index is 90 or above all outdoor training should be cancelled
true
Exertional heat exhaustion is caused by the sudden onset of thermoregulatory failure, which can lead to death if untreated.
False
Heat loss in cold weather occurs most often from the warm vascular areas of the groin and armpit
False
Death is imminent if the core body temp rises above 107 F or drops between 77F and 85 F.
True
There is a need for fluid replacement only in a hot environment
False
In mountain sickness the symptoms can cause a sodium and potassium imbalance leading to fluid retention within the cells and the subsequent occurrence of abnormal pressure.
true
Smog is produced by the combination of nitrogen dioxide and stagnant air that is acted on by sunlight to produce a haze.
False
Sickle cell reaction relates to an abnormality of the structure of the red blood cells and causes an enlarged spleen, which, in some cases, has been known to rupture at high altitudes.
true
Sulfur dioxide is a colorless gas that reduces hemoglobin’s ability to transport oxygen and restricts the release of oxygen to the tissue.
False
Carbon monoxide causes an increases resistance to air movement in and out of the lungs and decreased ability of the lungs to rid themselves of foreign matter and can lead to death.
False
Flying from west to east has been demonstrated to decrease performance
true
Just as in the heat, in cold weather an athlete should maintain a body temp ideal for competition as not to increase the likelihood of injury.
true
A white T-shirt has a sun protection factor of five.
true
The national severe storms service recommends that 20 minutes should pass after the last sound of thunder is heard of lightening is seen before returning to play.
false
According to the evidence, synthetic turf is definitely more likely to cause injury than natural grass.
false
An SPF of 10 means that an athlete can be exposed to ultraviolet light 10 times longer than without a sunscreen before the skin will turn red.
true
For work or sports in temperatures below 32F, it is advisable to add a layer of protective clothing for every 5 mph of wind speed.
true
An athlete who has a loss of greater than 2% of his/her body weight should not be allowed to participate due to a decrease in blood volume.
true
Myoglobin is found in the urine of individuals with acute exertional rhabdomyolysis
true
The organization responsible for helmet certification is:
National Operating Committee on Standards for Athletic Equipment
When one is fitting a football helmet all must be considered EXCEPT:
players hair is dry
In football, no face protector should have less than:
two bars
The space between the top of the facegaurd and lower edge of the helmet should be
3 inches
All of the following are concerns when setting the standards for protective equipment EXCEPT:
The color, look, and style
A disadvantage of contact lenses is the possibility of :
Eye irritation caused by dust getting under the lens
An intraoral mouthguard performs all of the following EXCEPT:
Minimizing fractures to the upper jaw
To protect an athlete from injury to the upper arm or high shoulder, some athletic trainers use
The deltoid cap attached to the shoulder pad
When fitting shoulder pads, the inside shoulder pad should cover the:
Tip of the shoulder in direct line with the lateral aspect of the shoulder
An effective bra holds the breasts to the chest to prevent:
Stretching of the cooper’s ligaments
The best sock material that prevents friction and allows for faster drying is made of:
Cotton and polyester blend
In the proper fitting of shoes, the break of the shoe should occur:
In line with the metatarsophalangeal joint
Which of the following is not a component of an athletic shoe?
lowers
Which of the following components are parts of an aerobic shoe?
Leather uppers, little heel flare, flat tread
Which of the following is the cheapest most widely used soft material in sports?
cotton
Which material is resilient, nonabsorbent, and rebounds to its original shape quickly?
Closed cell foam
Which of the following non-yielding materials requires a higher temperature for shaping?
heat plastic foams
What common injury listed below would be treated by constructing a protective pad?
Quadriceps contusion
Which type of bra is most effective for larger breasted women?
supportive
Customized cervical collars are effective in preventing injury because they:
remind the athlete to be cautious
Which of the following knee braces would be used to control range of motion after surgical repair?
Rehabilitative
Which type of shoe should be most flexible at the ball of the foot and have a larger heel flare?
runnning
Heel cups can be useful for individuals with the following conditions EXCEPT:
turf toe
Neoprene sleeves, shoe inserts, heel cups, ankle braces and helmets are all considered:
Off-the-shelf equipment
