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BacT Exam 3 > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Which mycobacterium has a very broad host range, including badgers and brush tail possums?

A

Mycobacterium bovis

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2
Q

What is the reservoir for Mycobacterium leprae?

A

armadillo

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3
Q

What is the main host for Mycobacterium lepramurium?

A

cats

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4
Q

Which mycobacterium is dependent on Mycobactin for growth?

A

M paratuberculosis

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5
Q

What organism causes Johne’s disease?

A

M avium susp. paratuberculosis

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6
Q

What can cause a false negative on ELISA when testing for Johne’s disease in the late stages?

A

anergy

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7
Q

Are mycobacteria gram positive or negative?

A

gram + (and acid fast +)

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8
Q

Are spirochetes gram negative or positive?

A

gram -

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9
Q

Which spirochete causes swine dysentery?

A

Bradyspira hyodysenteriae

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10
Q

T/F B pilosicoli has a synergistic relationship with other anaerobes in the colon.

A

T

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11
Q

Which organism causes lesions only in the large intestine, creating a sharp demarcation at the ileocecal junction?

A

Bradyspira

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12
Q

Which organism causes rabbit syphilis?

A

Treponema paraluis (caniculi)

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13
Q

Papillomatous digital dermatitis is caused by which organism?

A

Treponema

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14
Q

Other names for papillomatous digital dermatitis (PDD)?

A

hairy heel warts, strawberry foot disease

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15
Q

Treatments for strawberry foot disease?

A

spray feet with antibiotic, formaldehyde foot baths

*caution carcinogens

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16
Q

Borrelia burgdorferi causes what?

A

lyme disease

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17
Q

What organism causes avian borreliosis?

A

B anserina

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18
Q

outer surface proteins in B. burgdorferi

A

C -> A in midgut of tick
A -> C in salivary glands of tick
C in mammals in early infection

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19
Q

Which ticks transmit B. burgdorferi?

A

ixodes scapularis (east US) and ixodes pacificus (west US)

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20
Q

How do you interpret a lyme test?

A

clinical signs but negative test = retest
no clinical signs but positive test = subclinical
*only treat in endemic areas

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21
Q

Do you always treat for Borrelia burgdorferi?

A

No, most infections are subclinical
Can give dogs doxy in endemic areas
*vaccine decreases incidence

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22
Q

How would an animal acquire a Leptospira infection?

A

direct contact with infected urine or water

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23
Q

What is a concern with a leptospira infection in a dog?

A

chronic kidney disease

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24
Q

To diagnose a leptospira infection in early stages (week 1-2), what should you PCR?

A

blood

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25
Q

To diagnose a leptospira infection in later stages (week 3-4) what should you PCR?

A

urine

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26
Q

What type of immunity is most important for a lepto infection?

A

humoral

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27
Q

Which organism could cause blood tinged milk in a cow?

A

L. pomona

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28
Q

What does L. borgpetersonni cause in cattle?

A

reproductive failure due to embryonic death and repeat breeding
*vaccine

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29
Q

How should you collect urine to diagnose Leptospira?

A

catch urine midstream and give Lasix

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30
Q

Which lepto organisms infect horses?

A

L. pomona and L. grypptyphosa

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31
Q

T/F Rickettsiales are facultative intracellular and gram +

A

F: obligate intracellular and gram -

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32
Q

Which organisms are in the family Anaplasmataceae?

A

anaplasma
ehrlichia
neorickettsia

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33
Q

What cells does anaplasma infect?

A

myeloid cells, neutrophils, RBC

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34
Q

T/F Anaplasma marginale is reportable.

A

T

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35
Q

Which tick transmits A. marginale?

A

Boophilus microplus

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36
Q

Which organism causes undulating febrile disease?

A

A. marginale

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37
Q

Which cells does A. phagocytophilum infect?

A

neutrophils and eosinophils

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38
Q

Clinical signs of A. phagocytophilum?

A

fever (not undulating), leukopenia, splenomegaly

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39
Q

Which cells does A. platys infect?

A

platelets

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40
Q

What organism causes infectious canine thrombocytopenia?

A

A. platys

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41
Q

T/F Rickettsiae are motile

A

F

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42
Q

What causes RMSF?

A

Rickettsia Rickettsii

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43
Q

What is the first clinical sign for RMSF?

A

vasculitis (infect endothelial cells)

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44
Q

What can cause RMSF to be fatal in dogs?

A

severe necrosis in extremities

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45
Q

Are there vaccines for rickettsia?

A

nope

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46
Q

What is the common name for Coxiella burnetti?

A

Q fever

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47
Q

Is C burnetti reportable?

A

yes, bioweapon

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48
Q

What is the main host of C burnetti?

A

sheep

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49
Q

What is important to remember when treating Q fever?

A

need an alkalinizing agent to kill in the phagosome

*chloraquine + tetracycline

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50
Q

T/F you can’t distinguish C. psitticai and C. burnetti clinically?

A

T

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51
Q

Which cells does Ehrlichia canis infect?

A

WBC; obligate intracellular

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52
Q

What causes canine monocytic ehrlichiosis?

A

E. canis

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53
Q

What does E. chaffeensis cause?

A

human monocytic ehrlichiosis

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54
Q

What does E. ewingii cause?

A

canine granylocytic ehrliciosis

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55
Q

What causes African heartwater?

A

E. ruminatum

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56
Q

Clinical signs of african heartwater?

A

capillary damage -> edema
damage to cerebrocortical capillaries = neuro signs
fever

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57
Q

Important diseases of Neorickettsia:

A

Salmon poisoning : N salmincola

Potomac Horse Fever

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58
Q

Do mollicutes have a cell wall?

A

no

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59
Q

What do non-hemotrophic mollicutes look like in culture?

A

fried eggs

60
Q

What causes avian mycoplasmosis?

A

M. galliseptican *reportable

61
Q

What does M. synoviae cause?

A

synovitis = lameness, reduced growth

sternal bursitis in turkeys

62
Q

M meleagridis and M iowae in turkeys

A

airsacculitis, skeletal deformities, decreased growth, decreased egg hatchability

63
Q

What causes contagious bovine pleuropnemonia?

A

Mycoplasma mycoides subsp mycoides (small colony variant)

*reportable

64
Q

What gross lesions does CBPP cause?

A

microabscesses in lung tissue

65
Q

Which mycoplasma cause mastitis?

A

M bovis, M californicum, M canadense

66
Q

What causes contagious caprine pleuropneumonia?

A

M capricolum subsp capripneumoniae

67
Q

What causes contagious agalactia of sheep and goats?

A

M agalactiae and M putrefaciens

68
Q

What causes porcine enzootic pneumonia?

A

M hyopneumoniae

69
Q

What clinical signs are caused by M hyorhinis?

A

lameness, arthritis, polyserositis

70
Q

Which mycoplasma infect horses?

A

M felis -> pleuritis

M equirhinitis -> respiratory disease

71
Q

Which mycoplasma infect cats?

A

M gatae

M felis

72
Q

Which mycoplasma infect dogs?

A

M canis

M cynos

73
Q

Which mycoplama infects mice and rats?

A

M pulmonus

74
Q

Is there a vaccine for CBPP?

A

Yes, live attenutated used in enzootic areas

75
Q

What are the clinical signs of hemotrophic mollicutes?

A

hemolytic anemia, icterus, splenomegaly, bone marrow hyperplasia

76
Q

What causes feline infectious anemia?

A

M haemofelis

*co infection with FIV/FeLV

77
Q

S shaped or gull-winged in pairs

A

campylobacter

78
Q

Which organisms cause food gastroenteritis in humans?

A

C jejuni and C coli

79
Q

How do you get C jejuni or C coli?

A

undercooked poultry, unpasteurized milk, contaminated water

80
Q

What is the toxin produced in the genus Campylobacter?

A

CDT

81
Q

What is the predilection site for C fetus venerealis?

A

preputial crypts of bulls

82
Q

Predilection site for C fetus fetus?

A

intestines, gall bladder of ruminants

83
Q

Signs of bovine genital campylobacteriosis?

A

anasarca, metritis with grayish brown exudate

84
Q

Which organism causes donut lesions in fetal liver?

A

Campylobacter fetus susp fetus and C jejuni

85
Q

What organism can be found in 50% chickens ceca?

A

C jejuni

86
Q

Can you use tetracycline for campylobacter infections in sheep and goats?

A

No, there is resistance -> use Tilmicosin

87
Q

T/F there is no vaccine for C jejuni

A

T

88
Q

T/F arcobacter can survive lower temps than campylobacter

A

T

89
Q

What does urease do as a virulence factor for Helicobacter?

A

increases the pH of the stomach making the environment more favorable for the bacteria

90
Q

Which organisms produce CDT ?

A

campylobacter and helicobacter

91
Q

What causes porcine proliferative enteropathy?

A

Lawsonia intracellularis

92
Q

T/F pigs can be infected with lawsonia without normal flora?

A

F: interaction with normal flora required for disease

93
Q

T/F Chlamydia RB is metabolically active and infective

A

F: metabolically active but non-infective -> EB is infective

94
Q

What does chlamydia abortus cause?

A

abortion in sheep and goats in a cyclic pattern

95
Q

What does chlamydia felis cause?

A

conjunctivitis in kittens (also infects iguanas)

96
Q

Which animals does chlamydia pneumoniae infect?

A

horses and koalas (mostly asymptomatic)

97
Q

Which chlamydia infects birds?

A

C. psittaci

98
Q

Clinical signs of C. psittaci?

A

yellow droppings, lethargy, respiratory distress, trembling in ducks and decreased egg production

99
Q

How long do you treat birds infected with C. psittaci?

A

45 days -> still often die

100
Q

Are fungi prokaryotic or eukaryotic?

A

eukaryotic

101
Q

T/F fungi are anaerobic

A

false, most are aerobic

102
Q

What is the unicellular form of fungus?

A

yeast

103
Q

What are the multicellular forms of fungus?

A

molds or mushrooms

104
Q

What do you call yeast in chains?

A

pseudohyphae

105
Q

Molds that have cross walls are…

A

septate

106
Q

Molds that have dark pigment are called?

A

dermatiaceous

107
Q

T/F dimorphic fungi are yeasts at room temperature and mycelial in tissue

A

F: yeast in tissue and mycelial at room temperature

108
Q

T/F fungi mostly reproduce by asexual reproduction

A

T
sporulation
hyphae fragmentation
budding of yeast

109
Q

What is important about griseofulvin for treating fungal infections?

A

teratogen

110
Q

T/F if a Woods lamp doesn’t detect dermatophytes, the animal doesn’t have ringworm

A

F

111
Q

ringworm in dogs

A

Microsporum canis

112
Q

Which dermatophyte is cigar shaped?

A

Trichophyton

113
Q

T/F in the parasitic state only hyphae and spores (arthroconidia) are seen

A

T: you won’t see macroconidia

114
Q

What can you add to a skin scrape of ringworm to improve visualization?

A

KOH, ink

115
Q

What causes ringworm in cattle?

A

Trichophyton verrucosum (calves)

116
Q

Ringworm in horses ?

A

T equinum, M equinum

117
Q

Which animal does microsporum nanum infect?

A

pigs

118
Q

What causes avian ringworm?

A

Microsporum gallinae (favus)

119
Q

What do colonies of Candida albicans look like?

A

white and shiny, beer smell

120
Q

What causes terry-toweling or sour crop in chickens?

A

Candida albicans

121
Q

The “germ tube” formation is characteristic of which fungus?

A

Candida albicans

122
Q

Which fungus has a large mucoid polysaccharide capsule?

A

Cryptococcus neoformans

123
Q

Where are serotypes B and C of C neoformans found?

A

Eucalyptus trees and gum trees

124
Q

Which species is infected by Cryptococcus neoformans?

A

Cats -> rhinitis, lesions on face

125
Q

What can Malassezia pachydermatitis cause?

A

otitis, seborrheic dermatitis

126
Q

Which fungus has peanut shaped yeast?

A

Malassezia

127
Q

What causes rose handler’s disease?

A

Sporothrix schenkii

128
Q

Important host for S schenkii?

A

cats

129
Q

What does S schenkii look like microscopically? In culture?

A

cigar shaped, colonies are white to cream with wrinkled aerial hyphae

130
Q

Can S schenkii cause disseminated disease?

A

Yes, in immunosuppressed dogs and any cats

131
Q

Where is blastomyces dermatitidis found in the US?

A

east

132
Q

Where are the lesions of B dermatitidis found?

A

primary: lungs
secondary: skin and other organs

133
Q

Colony morphology of B dermatitidis?

A

white cottony aerial hyphae

134
Q

T/F Blastomyces have narrow buds?

A

F: broad based buds!

135
Q

Which animal is most affected by blastomyces?

A

hunting dogs

136
Q

What causes “valley fever”?

A

coccidioides immitis

137
Q

Where do you find coccidioides immitis?

A

southwestern US

138
Q

Where are lesions of coccidioides immitis?

A

primary: lungs
secondary: bones

139
Q

What is the microscopic appearance of coccidioides immitis?

A

barrel shaped spores in chains

140
Q

Where is histoplasma found?

A

Mississippi and Ohio River Valleys (overlaps with blastomyces)

141
Q

How can you distinguish histoplasma from blastomyces?

A

histoplasma are small budding yeast cells, found intracellularly in phagocytes

142
Q

Which breeds of dogs are most susceptible to histoplasma capsulatum var capsulatum?

A

pointing breeds, weims, brittany spaniels

143
Q

What causes epizootic lymphangitis?

A

histoplasma capsulatum var farciminosum

aka african horse farcy or pseudoglanders

144
Q

Where do you find lesions of african horse farcy?

A

on the skin, neck and legs mostly, tracking along lymphatics

145
Q

What do colonies of histoplasma capsulatum var farciminosum look like?

A

oatmeal cookies!

BacT Exam 3 (1 decks)

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