EXAM 3 4/8 Flashcards
What kind of sex organs do barnacles have?
both male and female sex organs
dominance hierarchy
Males and females can have their own hierarchies, but it is more common in males. More successful with better access to resources and mating opportunities
what is another term for dominance hierarchy
dominance hierarchy
what species have a female dominance hierarchy
Wolves have a male and female hierarchy. The dominant male and dominant female mate and produce offspring. All of the pups come from the dominant male; the lower-ranked females do not mate. The other wolves raise the offspring of male and female and do not have offspring of their own (kin altruism)
Who replaces the alpha male that gets overthrown?
the new alpha male will either chase off or kill the young around the female (lions)
how common is infanticide in humans
so extremely rare but stepfathers are 5 times more likely to kill children than biological fathers
What inhibits estrus? How is this connected to infanticide?
Lactation. No offspring means no lactation and being better able to reproduce with the alpha male.
what are the 2 parts of kin identification
kin altruism, and prevent inbreeding
reciprocity altruism
one animal does something for another animal they are not closely related to, expecting a return in favor later in time
mutualism
both benefit immediately
brood parasites
An animal leaves their offspring in the nest of another animal. They do no parenting after they lay their eggs. The offspring wont learn what their own species looks like only what they are raised around
defense against brood parasites
narrow openings
camouflage nests
abandon nest once it has been invaded
Convergent evolution species examples
African Ostrich
South American Greater Rhea
Australian Emu
New Guinean Cassowary
New Zealand Great moa (big birds that are extinct now) are equivalent to the elephant. Birds flew to New Zealand and became the dominant life form (no reptiles or amphibians). New Zealand has the most species of bird out of any place. The great moa went extinct because they never had any predators and then when hunters showed up, they were screwed because they didnt know how to defend themselves
helping behavior by nonparents
kin selection and limited resources
why did we develop menopause
So women would be young enough to be alive to raise offspring. If we didnt have menopause older women would die before their offspring were old enough to be on their own
