Exam 3 Flashcards
definition of preschool-age children
3-5 years, increasing autonomy, experiencing broader social circumstances, increasing language skills, expanding self-control
definition of a toddler
1-3 years, rapid increase in gross and fine motor skills
why is adequate nutrition so important in the toddler/preschool ages?
affects of undernutrition?
long-term effects?
- required to achieve full growth and development
- impairs cognitive development and ability to explore environment
- FTT and cognitive impairment
healthy people 2020 goals ch 10-11?
- healthier food access (increase nutrition standards in schools
- reduce number of kids that are obese
- reduce number of kids who have food insecurity with national regulation and involvement
- increase fruits and double vegetables, increase beans peas, whole grains, calcium,
- reduce consumption of saturated fat, sodium
- reduce iron deficiency in kids and females
normal growth for birth to 1 year?
toddlers?
preschoolers?
- average infants triple birthweight
- gain 8 oz and grow 0.4 in per month
- gain 4.4lbs and grow 2.75 in per year
what are the methods of growth monitoring for kids under 2?
over 2?
- weighed without clothes or diaper, determine recumbent length
- weight with light clothing, measured stature with no shoes
what are the age ranges for growth charts?
what are the different parameters used?
- birth to 36 months or 2-20 years
- weight for age, length for age, head circumference for age, weight for length, BMI for age.
what are some common problems when monitoring growth?
- error in measuring may result in errors in health status assessment
- use of calibrated equipment and plotting accuracy vital
what are some considerations for growth monitored for children with special health care needs?
-developmental delays, physical or mental condition with a high probability of delay, at risk medically or environmentally for substantial development delay without services.
what are some special conditions that would require special health care? (8)
- asthma
- HIV infection
- allergies
- cerebral palsy
- celiac disease
- cystic fibrosis
- down syndrome
- spina bifida
what kind of questions do you ask for growth assessment?
what are some examples of specific growth charts?
- is child’s growth on track?
- is child’s food an dnutrient intake adequate?
- are feeding or eating skills age appropriate?
- does diagnosis affect nutritional needs?
- -LBW, VLBW, special head grwoth chart
what are the physiological developments for toddlers/preschoolers? 15 month 18 month 24 30 36
-expand physical and developmental skills, walking begins as a toddle, improving balance 15-crawl upstairs 18-run stiffly 24-walk up stairs one foot at a time 30-alternate feet going up stairs 36-ride a tricycle
cognitive developments for toddler/preschooler?
- importance of independence and control
- go from self-centered to more interactive
- fears develop as learning about environment
- social development imitating others
- language development
- ability to express own will.
feeding skills of toddlers?
preschool age?
- 9-10-weaning from bottle
- 12-refined pincer grasp, ability to use a spoon, but prefer hands
- 12-14-completely weaned
- 18-24-able to use tongue to clean lips, rotary chewing
- -can use fork, spoon and cup, spills occur less frequently, foods cut into bite size pieces, adult supervision still required.
feeding behaviors of toddlers?
preschoolers?
- rituals in feeding common, may have strong preferences/dislikes, food jags common, serve new foods with familiar foods/when child is hungry, toddlers imitate parents and older siblings
- appetite related to growth and increases prior to growth spurts, include child in meal selection and preparation
