Exam 3 Flashcards
1
Q
Intestinal Infection caused by Adult stage Tapeworm where Humans are the Definitive Hosts who are Infected by Eating Undercooked Beef or Pork with Tapeworm Cysts
A
Taeniasis
1
Q
Tapeworm that Leads to Human Taeniasis when a Human eats Cysts in Pork leading to Adult Tapeworm in the GIT
A
Taenia Solium
2
Q
Salmonella ____ Causes Egg-Associated Salmonellosis that infects Healthy Appearing Hens and is Associated with eating Raw or Undercooked Eggs
A
Enteritidis
2
Q
Epidemiology aimed at Identifying and Determining the Strength, Importance, and Statistical Significane of Associations between Exposures and Outcomes
A
Analytical
*Associations
3
Q
Which of these correctly describes a Very Specific Test
A. many true positive test results
b. many true negative test results
c. few true positive test results
d. few true negative test results
A
Many True Negative Test Results
4
Q
Carcass that is Acceptable for use as Human Food
A
Passed
4
Q
Primary mode of Transmission of Rotavirus
A
Fecal-Oral
4
Q
Parasite Transmitted to Humans via Ingestion of Infected Animals that leads to Cyst formation in muscle
A
Trichinella Spiralis
5
Q
Individual who Found the Source of Cholera Outbreak in 1854 as water from a Street Pump who associated Water from the Pump with Disease without Knowing anything about Bacteria
A
John Snow
6
Q
When Humans eat the Eggs of this Tapeworm, Cysts can form in the Brain leading to Neurcysterercosis
A
Taenia Solium
*Human Cystercercosis
7
Q
Most Prevalent Virus on Cruise Ships
A
Norovirus
7
Q
Model for Representing Component causes resulting in Disease where Each complete Pie is a set of Component causes that is Sufficient to cause Disease
A
Rothman’s Pies
*Ken Rothman
7
Q
The proportion of Non Diseased Animals that the Test correctly Classifies as Negative
A
Specificity
8
Q
True/False: Federal Meat Inspection Act Requires Meat Processing Plants to be under Daily Inspection
A
True
9
Q
Main Reservoir of Staphylococcus Aureus
A
People
*Skin and Nose of Many Healthy People
10
Q
A component Cause that is a Member of Every Sufficient Cause
A
Necessary Cause
12
Q
Inspection Needed to Transport Meat within a States Boundaries
A
State Inspection
*Intrastate ONLY
13
Q
Act that Requires Inspection of Poultry and Poultry Products that Ensures Poultry is Wholesome, not adulterated and Labeled Properly
A
Poultry Products Inspection Act
14
Q
Type of Pasteurization where Milk Flows through a Heated Tube with Carefully monitored Transit Time and Temperature leading to Less of a “Cooked” Flavor than Batch Pasteurization
A
Continuous-Flow Pasteurization
*aka High Temperature Short Time
14
Q
Picornavirus that Replicates in the Liver that accounts for 90% of Viral Hepatitis Infections worldwide and the Majority of Infections are Asymptomatic
A
Hepatitis A
*Fecal-Oral Route
15
Q
Most Common Cause of Foodborne Illness World Wide
A
Norovirus
15
Q
Virus that has an Incubation of about 48 hours with duration of Illness up to 7 days that is very common in Children and Day Cares leading to Diarrhea
A
Rotavirus
16
Q
The only Non-Spore Forming Bacteria that causes Intoxication
A
Staphylococcus Aureus
17
Q
What type of Test produce a lot of False Positives
A
Low Specificity
17
A Test with Poor Specificity produces a lot of False \_\_\_\_
Positives
19
True/False: Cattle Carcass with Dark Firm Dry meat is Condemed
False
\*Carcass is downgraded and passed for Human Consumption
20
Grade ___ Milk is Milk for liquid Consumption and any Interstate Commerce
A
21
Carcass that can be used for Human Food with Restrictions: only if Heated, Cooked, Refrigerated ect.
Restricted
22
If You Own a Slaughter House in Florida and want to Sell Meat to a Slaughter Hourse in New York, Would you need State or Federal Approval?
Federal
23
Anaerobic Gram Positive Spore forming Bacteria that is Found in Soil, Streams, Lakes, and Honey that is Transmitted when food is contaminated with the Spores
Clostridium Botulinum- Botulism
23
Sensitivity is Estimated by Testing \_\_\_\_Animals
Diseased
23
Test with 100% ____ Correctly Classifies all Diseased animals as Positive BUT doesn't tell you anything about how well the test performs on Non-Diseased Animals
Sensitivity
23
A Test with Poor Sensitivity produces a lot of False \_\_\_\_
Negatives
24
If a Carcass has Pigmentation changes due to Localized Melanosis, Xanthosis, or Localized Bruises and Skin Conditions then the Carcass is ____ and passed
Trimmed
24
Federal Agency that Regulates Shell Eggs in the US, Milk Pasteurization, Seafood (Except Catfish), Fruits and Vegetables ect.
FDA
26
FSIS prohibits the Slaughter of Cattle that are not able to Stand or Walk known as ___ Cattle
Downer
\*Do not Slaughter Downer Cattle!
28
Carcass not to be used to Human Food, must be destroyed by Rendering, Incineration ect.
Condemned
29
Animal that Tests TB skin Test positive, the TB-infected tissues are removed and remainder of tissue may be passed for ____ Only
Cooking
30
Inspection Needed to Transport Meat Between States or Export
Federal Inspection
\*Interstate or Export
31
Step of the Outbreak Process where you Decide if there Truly is an Outbreak
Establish if it is an Outbreak
32
Spiral Shaped Gram Negative Bacteria associated with Summertime that is carried in many Poultry Species that is Transmitted to Humans by Contaminted Food
Campylobacter Jejuni
\*90% of Poultry are infected with Campylobacter Jejuni
33
Tapeworm of Seafood that Humans can get by Ingestion of Raw Infected fresh water or Anadromous Fish that is the Largest Human Tapeworm that leads to Minor bloating and Anaemia
Diphyllobothrium Latum
\*Prevention: Freeze and Cook fish well
33
You estimate ___ by getting a Group of Test Negative Animals and Determine how many are non-diseased
Negative Predictive Value
34
Added, Foreign or Interior Substance that cannot be Removed by Trimming
Adulterated
\*Ex. Hormones
35
Taenia ___ is Almost Always Generalized and the Carcass will be Condemned
Solium
\*KNOW THIS
35
Measuring Sensitivity Produces what Two Results
True Positive
False Negative
36
Bacteria that contains Neurotoxin and Very small infective dose that lasts up to 8 Days and Causes Botulism in Infants under 12 Months of Age that Eat Honey
Clostridium Botulinum
\*Flaccid Paralysis- Don't give honey to children less than 1 year of Age
36
\_\_\_\_\_ Neurocyticercosis in Humans leads to Death in 50-80% of Patients and is the leading cause of Seizure Epilepsy in Developing Worlds
Taenia Solium
\*Larvae encyst in Brain!!!
36
An event, Condition, or Characterisitc which plays an essential Role in Producing an occurrence of the Disease
Cause
37
Which of these Correctly Describes a Very Sensitive Test
A. Many True Positive Test results
B. many False positive Test results
C. Few True positive test results
D. Few False positive Test Results
Many True Positive Test Results
38
Intergovernmental Body that Coordinates Food Standards at the International Level with the main objective to Protect the health of Consumers and ensure fair Practices in Food Trade. Also Sets standards for a Wide range of Food Products and Specific Requirements covering pesticide Residues, Food additives, Labeling ect.
Codex Alimentarius Commission
39
Parasite that can lead to Congenital Defets and Abortion in Pregnant Women
Toxoplasma Gondii
40
\_\_\_ Law has Jurisdiction over Foods for Intra-State Commerce
State
40
Most Important Route of Transmission of Hepatitis A
Fecal-Oral
\*Sex partners, Poor Personal Hygiene
42
4 Exemptions to the Poultry Products Inspection Act (PPIA)
1. Slaughter for Personal Use
2. Retail Dealers that only Cut up Chicken Carcasses for Consumers
3. Farmers with Less than 1000 Poultry Annually with Sanitary Conditions who sell Directly to Consumers
4. Small Processors, Including Restaurants, for Intrastate sale only handling less than 20,000 Birds/year
43
Second Step of Milk Processing
Separate Milk with Different Amounts of Fat
44
Virus that leads to Nausea and Vomiting, as well as Jaundice and Elevated ALT and AST
Hepatitis A
46
Grade ___ Milk is Defined and Regulated by the Pasteurized Milk Ordinance
A
46
Nematode of Seafood that Burrows in the Stomach Lining of Infected Humans that causes Cough, Tingling in Throat, Abdnominal Pain, Vomiting, Diarrhea ect. that Humans get due to Ingestion of Raw Infected Fish
Anisakis
\*Prevention: Freezing and Proper cooking
48
\_\_\_\_ Officially makes Regulations on Seafood
FDA
49
Restrictions applied to Carcasses that are TB Reactors, Caseous Lymphadenitis, Swine Cystercerosis, and Non-Transmissible Parasites
Cooking- 170 Degrees for 30 Minutes
49
Measuring Specificity produces what Two Results?
True Negative
False Positives
50
Post Mortem effect on Meat due to Depletion of Glycogen
Pale Soft Exudative
\*Common in Swine
50
Animal with a History of Recent Illness or Medication or with Signs Indicative of Localized Disease Condition are considered \_\_\_\_
Suspect
51
Major Source of Transmission of Trichinella Spiralis to People
Pork
52
Specificity is Estimated by Testing ____ Animals
Non Diseased
53
Bacterial Organsim common in Seafood that can lead to Diarrhea, Cramps, and Vomiting that can be Prevented with Proper Handling and Cooking of Seafood
Vibrio Vulnificus
\*Waters with Abundant Vibrio are normally Closed for Fishing and Swimming
54
Fish Toxin that is also called Histamine Fish Poisoning that is due to Spoilage and Poor Storage of Tuna, Mackerel, Mahi Mahi and Marlin that causes Swelling of the mouth, Nausea, Vomiting ect
Scrombotoxin
\*Prevention- Refrigerate Fish after Catching
55
A very ____ Test will Produce very Few False Negatives where Most Negative Results are from Non-Diseased Animals
Sensitive
57
\_\_\_\_ Animals, clearly exhibit Disease that could Make them Unfit for Human Food
Condemned
\*Must be Destroyed, Not slaughtered for Food
58
\_\_\_\_ is Required for all USA seafood Plants
HACCP
\*Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points- Managment System
59
Carcasses found to Have Infectious Agents, Toxins, Morbid Tissue, Discolored Tissue, Neoplasia, Fever, and Ketosis are usually \_\_\_\_\_
Condemned
59
Carcass with Taenia \_\_\_\_, if in Localized Lesions can be Trimmed and Passed with the Restriction of Refrigeration and Cooking
Saginata
\*KNOW THIS
59
Rod-Shaped Gram negative Bacteria that is Widepread as GI Flora in many Species associated with Raw Eggs, Poultry and Milk products where illness lasts about 4-7 days
Salmonella
\*Very big Cause of Hospitilization and Death in the US
60
Restriction Applied to Carcasses found to have Beef Cystercercosis
Refrigeration or Freezing
\*And Heating to 140 Degrees before Consumption
62
Stress Associated Pre-Mortem effect on Meat due to Depletion of Muscle Glycogen
Dark Firm Dry
\*Common in Cattle
63
Which Type of Test produces a lot of False Negative Results
Low Sensitivity
64
After Stunning, _____ is Typically used for Killing during Slaughter
Exsanguination
64
Virus that has an Incubation period of Only 12 hours with a Duration of Illness up to 72 Hours that causes clinical signs of Nausea, Vomiting, and Watery Diarrhea
Norovirus
\*Happens Fast and Leaves Fast- Mainly Vomiting
66
True/False: Most Cheese, Butter, Ice Cream, and other Dairy Products are made from Grade B Milk
False
\*Made from Grade A Milk
68
Federal Agency that Regulates primarily Meat, Poultry and Catfish and Unshelled Egg Products and Imported Shell Eggs
USDA
69
True/False: Pale Soft Exudative Pork is condemned at Postmortem Insepction
True
\*Most common in Pork
70
Inspection of Individual Live animals Prior to Slaughter that Helps to keep Ill Animals out of Food Chain and Reduce Contamination of Abattoir
Antemortem Inspection
72
Top Pathogen causing Domestically Acquired Foodborne Illness
Norovirus
73
Most common Foodborne Intoxication that causes Vomiting, Diarrhea and cramping that normally lasts around 24 hours
Staphylococcus Aureus
74
Two Primary Federal Agencies involved with Food Control Inspection Services
USDA
FDA- Regulates 80% of Food eaten in the US
76
Primary Organ of Importance in Organoleptic Detection of Lymphatic System Disease
Lymphnodes
\*Lymphnodes Function as Filters for Disease. Among the First Tissue to Become Visibly Affected
76
True/False: There is a Meat Inspection program in Place to Prevent Toxoplasma
False
\*No program
78
Act that Requires Inspection of All Meat Sold from Livestock, Defined as Cattle, Sheep, Swine Goats, and Equids
Federal Meat Inspection Act (FMIA)
78
\_\_\_\_ is a common source of Meat Contamination from Soil on Hide, Rumen Contents, Feces ect.
Dressing
\*Skinned Animal- Need to Prevent Contamination
80
Carcasses with ____ are considered Suspect and Can be Passed with the Restriction of Cooking the Meat if the lesions are Localized and Trimmed
Tuberculosis
\*Carcass Must be Cooked
81
During Post-Mortem Inspection ____ are Inspected to Detect Diseases such as TB, and Caseous Lymphadenitis
Lymphnodes
82
Chart to Look Over
83
Answers the Question: "My Patient tested Negative. What is the Probability that my patient does not have the disease"
Negative Predictive Value
85
Most common cause of Severe Diarrhea in Children around the World
Rotavirus
86
Main Reservoir in Toxoplasma Gondii
Cats
88
Important Tapeworm of Seafood that are Found as Larvae in the Muscle of Fish with Mammals as the Definitive Host
Diphyllobothrium Latum
89
Animal with Signs Indicative of Generalized Disease Condition are considered \_\_\_\_
Condemned
90
Animals that react to the TB Skin Test are considered _____ and extra postmortem Inspection is Required
Suspect
\*Mycobacterium Bovis
92
Act that Retains Food must be Sanitary, Free of Pathogens, non Adulterated, and Properly Labeled
Federal Meat Inspection Act
\*Inspection for Safety
93
Epidemiology that Determines if there is an association between an exposure and outcome in a population and how strong the association is
Analytical
94
Value that Answers the Question " My patient tested Positive, what is the Probability it actually has the Disease"
Positive Predictive Value
96
During Postmortem Inspection, if the Disease is \_\_\_\_and affects the Majority of the Head, Organ or Carcass retain it for Veterinary Disposition
Generalized
\*Generalized = Condemned
97
After Pasteurization, the Milk is Cooled and must contain Less than 20,000 Bacteria, less than 10 Coliform Bacteria and must be ____ Test Negative
Phophatase
99
\_\_\_\_\_ Is permitted when there is Local Involvment with Diseases not Transmissible to Humans
Trimming
\*Meat can be Passed with Restrictions- Cooking, Freezing Ect.
100
What Parasite can Humans get via Ingestion of oocysts in Cat Feces or Ingestion of Bradyzoites in Meat or Verticle Transmission from Mother to Baby
Toxoplasma Gondii
101
Fish Toxin that is a Vasopressor and Neurotoxin only produced by Pufferfish. Clinical signs include Muscle paralysis and Asphyxiation
Tetrodotoxin
103
Pasteurized Milk Ordinance Requires that Pasteurized Milk has a Somatic Cell count less than \_\_\_\_\_, Bacterial Count less than 100,000/ ml and No positive Drug Residue Test
750,000/ml
105
Most Important Mode of Transmission of Norovirus
Infected Food Handlers
106
True/False: Unpasteurized Milk is Bacteriologically Sterile
False
\*Milk is not Sterile- Bacteria, Fecal Matter, Antibiotics ect. may all be found in Milk
107
Carcasses with \_\_\_\_\_require Extended Postmortem Exam and is Condemned if there are lesions that are Active, Extensive or in Multiple Tissue
Tuberculosis
107
Epidemiology that Described Disease such as the Characteristics, amount and Distribution of disease in a Population
Descriptive
108
Parasite common in Cats that Eat Bradyzoites in Rodents and Birds
Toxoplasma Gondii
109
3 Exemptions that Do Not require Federal Meat Inspection
Slaughter of Own Animals for Family Consumption
Retail Dealers that Do Not Slaughter with \>75% Sale to Retail
Persons who Purchase Meat Oversees for Own Consumption
110
Postmortem Inspection is characterized as an ____ Inspection, which uses Sight, Feel, Smell and Hearing to Detect Diseases
Organoleptic
111
Chronic Stress prior to Slaughter + Adrenaline leads to Pre-Mortem Glycogen Depletion in Muscles, Causing a reduction in Lactic Acid and High pH and ______ Meat
Dark Firm Dry
112
Any Potential Determinant of Disease or health status that may Increase or Decrease the Amount of Disease or have no Effect at all
Exposure
\*Exposure may or may not be a determinant of Disease
113
\_\_\_\_ is the Source of Most of the Food that we eat and Policy must help Ensure that \_\_\_\_Food and Feed meets the Necessary Standards
Trade
114
You estimate ____ By getting a Group of Test Positive animals and determining How many are Diseased
Positive Predictive Value
115
Third Step of Milk Processing where Brief Heating it used to Kill common Pathogens in Milk that is currently Based on the Thermal Death of Coxiella Burnetti
Pasteurization
117
Trichenellosis is Historically a Widespread Problem in \_\_\_
Pork
\*Humans eat Infected Pork Meat
119
True/False: Epidemiology Focuses on the Individual Animal
False
\*Focus on the Group/ Population
120
Gram Positive Foodborne Bacteria that can lead to Food Poisoning and Flu like Symptoms as well as Septicemia and Abortion in Women
Listeria Monocytogenes
\*Pregnant Women should not eat "Ready to Eat" food such as Cheeses and Deli meats
122
Voluntary Program where Inspections are Performed by National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) that Focus on Quality and Sanitation and is a Certification Program for International Export
Voluntary Seafood Inspection Program (VSIP)
\*All Plants must follow FDA Control but VSIP is a Voluntary Extra Program to help with Credibility
123
The Proportion of Diseased Animals that the Test correctly Classifies as Positive
Sensitivity
\*How Sensitive the Test is at Identifying the Diseased Animal
125
Nematode Found in Seafood that has an Intermediate host of Crustaceans eaten by Fish or Squid with Definitive hosts being Marine Mammals and Humans
Anisakis
127
Specified Risk Materials are ____ and Classified upon Risk of Bovine Spongiform Ecephalopathy (BSE) transmission to Humans
Inedible
\*All Ages- Tonsils and Distal Ileum
If \> 30 Months- Brain, Skull, Eyes, Spinal Cord Ect.
128
US ___ Law has Jurisdiction over Food for Inter-State Commerce that is Crossing State Lines
Federal
129
Step of Outbreak Procedure where You specify the characterisitics shared by those with the Disease and Distinguish Disease cases from non Disease Cases
Establish a Case Definition
130
The #1 Cowside Test for Mastitis
California Mastitis Test (CMT)
131
Infection caused by the Larval Stage of Tapeworm
Cystercercosis
132
True/False: Fatty Livers and Livers with Parasitic Scars can be Passed for Human Consumption
True
133
\_\_\_\_\_ Pork is caused by Rapid Post-Mortem intracellular Glycolysis Causing Accumulation of Lactic Acid
Pale Soft Exudative
134
\_\_\_\_ Animal, is an Animal Suspected of having Diseases that would make part of the Carcass unfit for Food
Suspect
135
Most common type of Observational Study Design during Outbreaks
Case-Control Studies
\*The disease outbreak is already underway and cases are easy to Find
136
Type of Pasteurization where the Entire Vat is Heated and Held at Temperature for the Appropriate Length of Time
Batch
\*63 Degrees Celsius for 30 Minutes- KNOW THIS
137
Pastuerization Temperature of Milk is Based off the Temperature needed to Kill \_\_\_\_
Coxiella Burnetti
138
True/False: You don't need to Know an Exact Etiology, Identifying the important Risk Factors and Developing interventions to reduce their affect may be all that is needed
True
139
Most Commonly used Stunning Method in Cattle where a Bolt either Enters the Brain or Causes Concussion
Captive Bolt
\*Non-Penetrating Bolt that only Causes Concussion is Preferred Method
140
Shellfish Toxin that Causes Red Tides. The toxin accumulates in Muscles, clams, scallops ect. and Clinical signs include Ataxia, Dizziness, Incoherece, Respiratory Paralysis and Death
Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning
\*Close Waters with Red Tide!!!
141
Very Important Bacterial Hazard in Seafood that is Gram Negative that are Halophilic and Require Salt water to Live that can be Transmitted to Humans by Ingestion of Improperly Cooked Seafood or Directly through Wounds while swimming in Contaminated Water
Vibrio Vulnificus
\*Plus Parahaemolyticus
142
Tapeworm that Leads to Human Taeniasis when Humans eats Cysts in Beef and the Adult Tapeworm forms in the GIT
Taenia Saginata
143
People get Cystercercosis by Consuming ____ Tape Worm Eggs
T. Solium
\*Only way people get Cystercercosis
