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CNS > exam 3 > Flashcards

exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What does GSE stand for:

A

General somatic efferet

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2
Q

What nerves innervate muscles that move the eye

A

a. Oculomotor (CN III )
b. Trochlear ( CN IV)
c. Abducens ( CN VI )

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3
Q

what nerves innervate muscles that move the tongue

A

a. Hypoglossal (CNXII)

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4
Q

GVE stands for:

A

General visceral efferent

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5
Q

What functions is GVE associated with?

A

Autonomic functions

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6
Q

GVE is parasympathetic true or false?

A

True, CNIII, CN VII, CN IX CN X

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7
Q

What 3 nerves usually “hang out” together?

A

CN VII, CN IX , CN X, virtually do the same thing

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8
Q

What does GVA stand for?

A

General visceral afferent

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9
Q

What does GVA deal with?

A

Visceral receptors

		i. Blood pressure
		ii. Oxygen content
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10
Q

What nerves associate with GVA?

A

CN VII (facial), CN IX (glossopharyngeal, CN X (vagus)

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11
Q

What does GSA stand for?

A

general somatic afferent

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12
Q

What does GSA deal with?

A

Sensation on the skin of head and neck region

		i. CN V (trigeminal) --> general touching of face
		ii. CN VII (facial )
		iii. CN IX (glossopharyngeal) 
		iv. CN X (vagus)
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13
Q

What two nerves innervate the ear?

A

CNX and CN IX

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14
Q

What does SVE stand for?

A

Special visceral efferent

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15
Q

What does SVE deal with?

A

a. Motor to movement in the neck region
i. Pharynx
ii. Larynx
iii. Sternocleidomastoid SCM
iv. Trapezius

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16
Q

What nerves involved in SVE

A

a. CN V (trigeminal)
b. CN VII (facial)
c. CN IX (glossopharyngeal)
d. CN X (vagus)
e. CN XI (spinal accessory nerve)

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17
Q

What does SVA stand for?

A

Special visceral afferent

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18
Q

What does SVA deal with?

a.

A

Chemical sensations

		i. Smell
			1) CN I --> olfactory
		ii. Taste
			1) CN VII --> facial
			2) CN IX --> glossopharyngeal
			3) CN X --> vagus
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19
Q

What does SSA stand for?

A

a. Special somatic afferent

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20
Q

What does SSA deal with?

A

a. Vision
i. CNII –> optic nerve
b. Hearing and balance
i. CN VIII –> vestibulocochlear nerve

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21
Q

Which components found in the spinal cord?

A

GSE, GVE, GVA, GSA

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22
Q

What components found in cranial?

A

SVE, SVA, SSA

i. Derived from pharyngeal arches

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23
Q

Most cranial nerves exit on the ?

A

Ventral side

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24
Q

Which nerve is the only one to exit on the dorsal side?

A

a. Trochlear

i. Comes off around the midbrain

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25
Q

What is the organization of the spinal cord

A

a. Afferent on dorsal side
b. Efferent on ventral side
c. Visceral is toward middle
d. Somatic is toward outside

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26
Q

What is the organization of the medulla

A

a. Efferents are the medial –> motor
b. Afferents are the lateral –> sensory
c. Sulcus limitans separate motor from sensory
d. Nuclei close to sulcus limitans –> innervate visceral structures
e. Nuclei away from sulcus limitans –> innervate somatic structures

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27
Q

Nuclei close to the sulcus limitans innervate somatic structures true or fasle?

A

a. False.
i. Nuclei close to sulcus limitans –> innervate visceral structures
ii. Nuclei away from sulcus limitans –> innervate somatic structures

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28
Q

Efferent nuclei in the medulla found where?

A

a. On the medial side of the sulcus limitans
i. Hypoglossal nucleus
1) Aka –> motor nucleus of XII
2) GSE
3) Handles intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of tongue
4) Helps swallow and form words
5) Leaves skull through hypoglossal foramen
Ii. Nucleus ambiguus
1. GSE
2. Main jon is motor
3. Motor to pharynx and larynx
4. Helps swallow and talk
Iii. Dorsal motor nucleus of vagus
1. Has parasympathetic component

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29
Q

Hypoglossal nucleus: – What is the aka, component (GSA, GSE, etc) and muscles does it handles.

A

i. Aka –> motor nucleus of XII
ii. GSE
iii. Handles intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of tongue
iv. Helps swallow and form words
v. Leaves skull through hypoglossal foramen

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30
Q

What are the efferent nuclei in the medulla?

A

a. Hypoglossal nucleus
b. Nucleus ambiguus
c. Dorsal motor nucleus of vagus

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31
Q

Nucleus ambiguus: What is the aka, component (GSA, GSE, etc) and muscles does it handles

A

a. GSE
b. Main job is motor
c. Motor to pharynx and larynx
d. Helps swallow and talk

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32
Q

Dorsal motor nucleus of vagus has a sympathetic component, true or false

A

a. False

i. Has a parasympathetic component

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33
Q

Afferent nuclei of the medulla can be found where?

A

Lateral side of sulcus limitans

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34
Q

What are the medullas afferent nuclei?

A

a. Nucleus solitarius
i. GVA and SVA
ii. Recieves information about taste
iii. Receives information about basic visceral input
1) Blood pressure
2) Oxygen content
3) Osmolality
iv. Receives digestive input
b. Spinal trigeminal nucleus
i. GSA
ii. Receives sensations from head and neck
c. Vestibular nucleus
i. SSA
ii. Close to cochlear nucleus
iii. Deals with balance
d. Cochlear nucleus
i. SSA
ii. Deals with hearing

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35
Q

Nucleus solitarius: what components are involved, what does it deal with?

A

a. GVA and SVA
b. Recieves information about taste
c. Receives information about basic visceral input
1) Blood pressure
2) Oxygen content
3) Osmolality
d. Receives digestive input

36
Q

Spinal trigeminal nucleus what components are involved, what does it deal with?

A

a. GSA

b. Receives sensations from head and neck

37
Q

Vestibular nucleus: what components are involved, what does it deal with?

A

a. SSA
b. Close to cochlear nucleus
c. Deals with balance

38
Q

Cochlear nucleus: what components are involved and what does it deal with?

A

a. SSA

b. Deals with hearing

39
Q

What are the cranial nerve groups?

A

a. CN II
b. CN I
c. CN VIII
d. CN III, IV, VI
e. CN V, VII,
f. CN IX, X, XI, XII

40
Q

What is the motor nucleus of CN IX?

A

a. Nucleus ambiguus (most medial)

1) Function ambiguous or location (why its named this)

41
Q

What muscles is innervated by CN IX that helps with swallowing?

A

Stylopharyngeus muscle

42
Q

l. How many sensory nuclei does CN IX have?

A

a. Two.
b. Nucleus of solitary tract
1) Dark spot( tract) surrounded by light ring (nucleus
2) 2 components:
1) Taste –> back 1/3 of tongue
2) Baroreceptor : carotid sinus
3) Chemoreceptor: carotid body
c. Spinal trigeminal nucleus
1. Lateral to nucleus of solitary tract –> light spot

43
Q

m. What are the two components of nucleus solitary tract?

A

a. Taste –> back 1/3 of tongue
b. Baroreceptor : carotid sinus
c. Chemoreceptor: carotid body

44
Q

Spinal trigemenal nucleus is lateral to the nucleus of solitary tract, true or false?

A
  1. True.
45
Q

CN IX parasympathetic nucleus is:

A

a. Inferior salivatory necleus
i. Preganglionic nucleus
ii. Deals with salivation
iii. Medial to nucleus of solitary tract –> light spot
iv. Contributes to glossopharyngeal nerve
v. Branches to otic ganglion
1) Projects to parotid gland
2) Produces saliva

46
Q

How do CN IX nerves exit the cranium? Location and fiber branches

A

a. Jugular foramen
b. Located medullar toward top of olive
c. Fiber branches:
i. One to ear
ii. One to posterior 1/3 of tongue
iii. One to stylopharyngeal muscle

47
Q

What is the vagus nerves motor nucleus?

A

Nucleus ambiguuns

48
Q

The vagus nucleus ambiguuns go to what muscles? And control what motor function?

A

a. Go to pharyngeal and laryngeal muscles

b. Controls swallowing and making sounds

49
Q

What is the sensory nucleus of the vagus nerve?

A

Nucleus of solitary tract and spinal trigeminal nucleus

50
Q

What are the two components of the vagus nerve sensory nucleus?

A

a. Component to ear
b. Taste component in back of the throat –> epiglottiss region
i. Taste behind tongue.

51
Q

What is the parasympathetic nucleus of the vagus nerve? Where is it located?

A

a. Dorsal motor nucleus of vagus
b. Medial to nucleus of solitary tract
c. In same location as inferior salivatory nucleus
i. More caudal

52
Q

Where do fibers of the dorsal motor nucleus of vagus go to?

A

a. Go to several ganglia imbedded in walls of organ

53
Q

Where does the vagus nerve exit through?

A

a. Jugular foramen

54
Q

What is the spinal component of accessory nerve? (CN XI)

A

a. GSE

55
Q

Where does the spinal component of CN XI motor to? Where do fibers originate from?

A

a. SCM and trapezius

b. Fibers originate from motor neurons located at C1 through C5

56
Q

What is the path of the CN XI? (enter though, ending at)

A

a. Enter through foramen magnum
b. Turn around and go out jugular foramen
c. Go to SCM and trapezius

57
Q

Where does the cranial component of CN XI originate from? Where does it exit

A

a. Brainstem at nucleus ambiguuns

b. Exit at bottom of olive

58
Q

What is the path of the cranial component of CN XI? (originate, exit, follow along, end at what muscles)

A

a. Originate from brainstem at nucleus ambiguuns
b. Exit at bottom of olive
c. Meet up with spinal component
i. Share connective tissue sheath
d. Exit jugular foramen
e. Follow along with vagus nerve
f. Go to pharyngeal and laryngeal muscles

59
Q

CN XII is both a sensory and motor nerve. True or false

A

a. False. Motor only.

60
Q

CN XII has nothing to do with taste, T/F

A

a. True.

61
Q

How do CN XII fibers exit ? What is the path

A

a. Exit between pyramids and olive
b. Leaves skull through hypoglossal canal
c. Goes to all muscles of tongue –> intrinsic and extrinsic

62
Q

What is the function of CN XII?

A

a. Helps to swallow and form words

b. Origin for swallowing –> reticular formation

63
Q

What is the origin for swallowing?

A

a. Reticular formation
i. Goes to hypoglossal nucleus then to muscles of tongue
ii. Unconscious movement of tongue

64
Q

What is medial to dorsal motor nucleus of vagus?

A

Hypoglossal nucleus

65
Q

g. What does CN V come out between?

A

a. Pons and medulla

66
Q

h. List the three divisions of CN V

A

a. Ophthalmic V-1
i. Forehead and upper nose
ii. Sensory
b. Maxillary V-2
i. Cheek and upper lip
ii. Sensory nerve
c. Mandibular V-3
i. Jaw
ii. Mixed nerve –> sensory and motor

67
Q

i. What are the two components of CN V?

A

a. GSA- sensory
i. Sensory to face
ii. Large nerve
iii. Large sensory nucleus
b. SVE - motor

68
Q

j. What are the sensory nuclei of CN V ? What information received by each?

A

a. Spinal nucleus
i. Aka. Medullary nucleus
ii. Runs from C5 up through medulla and pons
iii. Receives information about pain and temperature
b. Pontine nucleus
i. Aka. Chief nucleus
ii. Aka. Principal nucleus
iii. Aka main nucleus
iv. In pons
v. Receives information about touch
c. Mesencephalic nucleus
i. In midbrain
ii. Receives information about proprioception

69
Q

a. What are the sensory nuclei of CN V ? What information received by each?

A

a. Spinal nucleus
i. Aka. Medullary nucleus
ii. Runs from C5 up through medulla and pons
iii. Receives information about pain and temperature
b. Pontine nucleus
i. Aka. Chief nucleus
ii. Aka. Principal nucleus
iii. Aka main nucleus
iv. In pons
v. Receives information about touch
c. Mesencephalic nucleus
i. In midbrain
ii. Receives information about proprioception

70
Q

b. Where is sensory nuclei of CN V located?

A

a. Trigeminal ganglion
b. Aka. Semilunar ganglion
c. Aka. Gasserian ganglion

71
Q

c. CN V sensory nuclei are pseudounipolar, T/F

A

a. True

72
Q

d. Sensory nuclei of CN V work as opposite of DRG, T/F

A

a. False, work exactly like DRG except in the cranium.

73
Q

e. what is the sensory nuclei pathway of CN V

A

a. Centripetal fibers come together and enter pons
b. 1st neuron –> trigeminal ganglion
c. 2nd neuron –> one of three trigeminal nuclei
d. 3rd neuron –> ventroposteromedial (VPM) nuclei of thalamus
i. Higher and more medial
ii. Somatotopic

74
Q

f. What is the trigeminothalamic tract?

A

a. Tract that connects trigeminal nuclei to thalamus
i. Contralateral
ii. 3rd order neuron from VPM –> fibers go through internal capsule
iii. Through corona radiate
iv. Terminate in sensory cortex –> above lateral fissure

75
Q

g. What division does the motor component of CN V go through? What muscles are innervated?

A

a. Mandibular division ONLY
b. Muscles of mastication
i. Medial pterygoids
ii. Lateral pterygoids
iii. Temporalis

76
Q

h. What other small muscles does CN V innervate?

A

a. Tensor tympani
i. Attached to muscle in tympanic membrane to dampen sound
b. Tensor veli palatini
i. Attached to palate to help raise palate during swallowing

77
Q

i. What is the 1st order sensory neuron of CN V?

A

Trigeminal ganglion

78
Q

j. What is the 2nd order sensory neuron of CN V?

A

a. One of three trigeminal nuclei

79
Q

k. What is the 3rd order sensory neuron of CN V?

A

a. Ventroposteromedial (VPM) nuclei of thalamus
i. Higher and more medial
ii. Somatotopic

80
Q

l. What tract connects trigeminal nuclei to thalamus? Describe its pathway to where it terminates:

A

a. Trigeminothalamic tract
i. Contralateral
ii. 3rd order neurons from VPM –> fibers go through internal capsule
iii. Through corona radiate
iv. Terminate in sensory cortex –> above lateral fissure

81
Q

m. What is the 1st order neuron of the motor component of CN V?

A

a. Corticobulbar

b. Start in the motor cortex toward lateral fissure –> head and neck area

82
Q

n. What does the corticobulbar start and go toward?

A

a. Motor cortex toward lateral fissure

i. Head and neck area

83
Q

o. Where is the motor nucleus of CN v located?

A

a. Medial to chief nucleus in pons

84
Q

p. What are the branches of major pathway of trigeminal nerve?

A

a. Goes to cerebellum
b. Receives proprioceptive information
c. Makes adjustments to tone
d. Reciprocal
i. Fibers to and from cerebellum
e. Go to cranial nerve nuclei
f. Creates reflexes.
i. Example
i. Cough reflex
ii. Tearing reflex
iii. Corneal reflex.
1) Blink as something comes near eye
2) Sensory component
3) Motor branch goes to facial nucleus
4) Goes to orbicularis oculi
5) Closes eye

85
Q

q. What is the corneal reflex?

A

a. Blink as something comes near eye
b. Sensory component
c. Motor branch goes to facial nucleus
d. Goes to orbicularis oculi
e. Closes eye

CNS (1 decks)

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