exam 3: 3.1 (ionic vs. covalent compounds) Flashcards
when are chemical bonds formed?
when atoms lose, gain, or share valence electrons (to acquire an octet of eight valence electrons)
molecular compounds are formed from?
two or more nonmetals
ionic compounds contain?
one or more cations paired with one or more anions
do ionic compounds share or transfer electrons?
transfer electrons
do molecular compounds share or transfer electrons?
share electrons
is CO2 an example of a molecular compound?
yes
is NaCl an example of an ionic compound?
yes
Ionic compounds are usually formed from?
metal + non metal
ionic bonds are formed by?
- transferring electrons
- force between positive and negative ions
- ions being close to each other
do ionic bonds have high melting points?
yes
what is the overall charge of ionic compounds?
neutral!
total positive charge = total negative charge
do ionic compounds usually want to have the electronic configuration of a noble gas?
yes
does the loss of electrons make an ion smaller or larger than the atom?
smaller
(the more you lose, the smaller it is)
what is the charge of a potassium ion?
+1
what is the charge of a nitrogen ion?
-3
what is the charge of an aluminum ion?
+3
identify the charge and symbol of the calcium and chlorine ions
a) identify each as a metal or nonmetal
b) state the number of valence electrons for each
c) state the number of electrons that must be lost or gained for each to acquire an octet
a) calcium (metal) / chlorine (non metal)
b) calcium (2) / chlorine (7)
c) calcium will lose 2 because it is easier than gaining 6
chlorine will win 1 because it’s easier to gain
covalent bonds are formed when?
two nonmetal atoms share one or more pairs of electrons in their outer shells to achieve a stable electron configuration
when do molecules form?
when 2 or more atoms share electrons
valence electrons are shared by ____ atoms to achieve stability
non metal
do the covalent bonds form equal the number of electrons needed?
yes
identify the type of bond:
- Kl, the compound used as a source of iodine in table salt
ionic
potassium is a metal & iodine is a non metal
identify the type of bond:
-H2O2, the bleach and disinfectant hydrogen peroxide
covalent
identify the type of bond:
CHCl3, the anesthetic chloroform
covalent
