Exam 3 Flashcards
What are other motives for bombings
Political
Social agents
Not always religion
Suicide bombers might believe
They can achieve martyr status and indite other holy warriors to follow
It’s is common for police to be dispatched for……
Suspect packages
Unattended bag
Suspicious item
What are motives for bombers
Vandalism Revenge Protest Religion Political or social agenda
Bombs more then anything else, does what to people
Make them feel vulnerable because they are weapons of chance
What are the three categories of explosives
Low explosive
High explosive
Nuclear or atomic explosive
What is velocity of detenation
Means rate of which gases expand at the moment of detonation
How is velocity of detonation measured
In meters per second and it is a way of expressing the power of the explosive
What categorizes a low explosive
Can be detonated through the application of heat (spark/flash)
- burns rather then detonates
- velocity does not exceed 2,000 meters/second
EXAMPLES firecrackers and black powder
What categorizes a high explosive
-must be detonated by another high explosive
-detonation produces chemical
Change in substance and causes a very violent and rapid expansion of gas produced as a result of the chemical change
-velocity is greater then 2,000 meters/second
EXAMPLES nitroglycerin dynamite c4
What triggers a high explosive
Triggered by smaller high explosive like a detonator cap or electronic charge
Detonator cap would be inserted into explosive. And when triggered it would set off bigger explosion
What is a infernal machine
Is a criminally fabricated device which use destructive, lethal/noxious pyrotechnics or incendiary chemicals for purpose of destroying, disfiguring, distracting or harassing.
What can create a infernal machine
Sometimes created from military material or equipment
Can be put together using homemade or commercially available components
Infernal machines are also know as
IMPROVISED EXPLOSIVE DEVICES
What are the basic categories of IMPROVISED EXPLOSIVE DEVISES (aka IED)
1) blast (dynamite or c4)
2) incendiary (molotove cocktail)
3) fragmentation (pipe bomb, mail bomb)
What are two specific categories of IED
1) TYPE A referred to as stipulated delay devises: explosive devices that functions without requiring additional action by person once delay mechanism has been set in motion (fuse or timer)
2) TYPE B in stipulates delay device: functions as response to some actions which is usually carried out by intended victims (opening door, opening letter, turning on light switch)
What are two categories of fusing systems
1) electric
2) non-electric
What constitutes an electric fusing system
- takes form of power source coupled with an electronic detonator switch
- for IED electronic fusing system consist of power source and electronic bridge switch
What is an non-electronic fusing system used
Used with an explosive as a safety fuse and a detonator
-for IED takes form of flame/flash or chemical reaction
What are two common types of fuses
1) safety fuse
2) detonating cord
What constitutes a safety fuse
- generally slow burning
- used with non-electronic detonators
- can be used to ignite black powder
- comes in different colours
- different colours indicate burn rate of fuse
- length of fuse and amount of powder it contains will indicate length of time it will take fuse to burn
What constitutes a detonation cord
- high explosive cord which does not burn
- used with detonator to set off an explosion with Velocity of approximately 6,000 meters/second
When you approach a scene of a bombing or suspected bomb…..
- same steps and protocols as you would use at any other scene
- approach with caution
- keep in mind the force of explosion could project evidence and debris some distance away from epicentre of scene
Most mid size to large police agencies have….. Unit
When should they be called
Explosive disposal unit EDU
Should be called to any package where there is a suspicion or threat that it may contain explosive
What is the difficulty when responding to bomb threats
Not knowing whether you are dealing with genuine threat or somebodies idea of a good time or attempt to terrorize target
What are common target is bomb threats
- cars/ other vehicles
- public buildings
- homes
- offices
- street locations
Majority of bomb threats will come from 3 main sources
1) school -disgruntled disciplined or suspended students or students wanting to disrupt exams
2) public building - police stations shopping malls stores
3) VIP locates- embassies consulates legislative buildings prime minister or other higher ranking officials
What is the cheapest form of terrorism
Bomb threats and hoaxes
Usually carried out with little expense and even less planning
Is a perpetrator usually identified?
No but usually a group will step up and claim responsibility for it
What is a bomb threat defined as
Incident during which it is implied by person(s)—known or unknown— either verbally, in writing that a device has been placed in area, building or vehicle
What is a bomb hoax
When a deliberately placed package is located during a search initiated as a result of a bomb threat
May be non explosive or non incendiary in nature and lacking form or means of initiation(detonation)
What are the three groups responsibility for searching for bomb/explosive device usually fall under
1) building owner or manager or occupants
2) security personnel
3) law enforcement agencies
4 important considerations anytime you are called to deal with a bomb threat or hoax
1) control procedures
2) search procedures
3) action to be taken if a suspicious package or item is found
4) evacuation procedure
What are the control procedures to follow?
Usually involves
- proceed at normal speed
- be alert for suspicious persons or vehicles
- contact and question individuals who received threat information
- review bomb threat procedures guidelines with individuals who received threat
Usually involve an area of a building or the entire building
Who should you talk to. To find out why the threat might have been made
Interview manager or owner for reasons for call and possible source of call
What are the search procedures when dealing with a bomb threat or hoax
- conduct search accompanied by management
- assemble employee/ occupants representatives- instruct them to go back to respected areas and keep a look out for any suspicious packages or objects
- employees or occupants should report anything they find police will initiate and conduct evacuation
- advise employees or occupant to not touch or remove anything they find
What are 2 very important guidelines when conducting search for explosives
1) conduct search from outside in
2) conduct search from bottom to top
What other searches should be conducted
Sun searches within larger buildings
These include floor to waist level
Waist level To eye level
Eye level to ceiling
False ceilings and inside duct work
What radious should be used when searching exterior
30-60 meter radious
What are some important things to consider when searching
- stop look and listen
- search in clockwise pattern (systematic search)
- look for unusual objects in unusual places (regular objects in unusual places)
- consider type B devises
- if you do not find a bomb do not assume there is no bomb and do not say there is no bomb
What action should be taken if something is found
- do not move it
- contact control Center and advise them where something has been found, why it is considered suspicious, description of package or object, safe route to approach the scene or object
- contact explosive disposal unit
- while waiting for them to arrive you need to develop a safe route for evacuation for EDU to use to access package or object, evaluate the premises, keep everyone away, try to determine ownership, meet EDU when they arrive
What are ways that an evacuation can be initiated
Through broadcasting on a public
Address system, fire alarm or providing verbal directions
How far away should the evacuation take people
At least 300 meters away
Who decided when to return to the building or ground
Who has authority to call off search but only if no package was located
Building manager or owner
Building manager or supervisor
What defines a hostage
Individual who is confined against his or her will and threatened as security for fulfilment of certain terms or conditions
What are 3 objectives when dealing with armed or barricaded person.
1) preventing loss of life or serious injury
2) preventing serious damage to property
3) apprehension of suspect or offender
When preventing loss or serious injury, police work to minimize this to who
Hostages Bystanders or passerby Nearby residence or occupants Police and other emergency responders Media Offender