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Movement Science > Exam #3 > Flashcards

Exam #3 Flashcards

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1
Q

Peak MA Brachialis

A

(slightly more) 100 elbow flexion

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2
Q

Peak MA Biceps Brachii

A

80-100 elbow flexion

40-50 pronation (for supination action)

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3
Q

Peak MA Brachioradialis

A

100-120 elbow flexion

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4
Q

Peak MA Triceps Brachii

A

90 elbow flexion

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5
Q

Peak MA Supinator

A

20 pronation

of all supinators: 40-50 pronation

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6
Q

Peak MA Pronator Teres

A

40 pronation/supination

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7
Q

Peak MA Pronator Quadratus

A

40 pronation/supination

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8
Q

Maximum Grip Force

A

20-25 Extension, 5-7 ulnar deviation

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9
Q

ADL functional ranges

A

60 extension
54 flexion
40 ulnar deviation
17 radial deviation

–> extension and ulnar deviation most important; position of stability, optimal length-tension relationship (fusion position)

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10
Q

Movements that occur during Radial Deviation

A

Proximal Row: flexion
Distal Row: extension
Proximal row slides ulnarly on radius

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11
Q

Movements that occur during Ulnar Deviation

A

Proximal row: extension
Distal row: flexion
Proximal row slides radially on radius

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12
Q

DISI (dorsal intercalated segmental instability)

A
  • damage to scapholunate ligament
  • lunate (and triquitrum) assume extended position; released from flexed scaphoid. Capitate moves in the opposite direction (flexion) on top of lunate
  • sublux of scaphoid causes contact pressures between radius and scaphoid–leads to degenerative problems, changes force dissipation
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13
Q

SCAL (scapholunate advanced collapse)

A

-capitate sublux off; migrate into space between flexed scaphoid and extended lunate; degeneration and change in biomechanics

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14
Q

VISI (volar intercalated segmental instability)

A

-lunotriquetral ligament damaged; lunate and scaphoid move into flexion; triquetrum and and distal carpal extend (not as common as DISI)

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15
Q

Normal Carrying Angle

A

8-15
15-females
5-males

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16
Q

Elbow Flexion AROM and PROM

A

AROM 0-135-145

PROM 0-150-160

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17
Q

elbow close packed position:

A

extension (bony block of olecranon process in fossa)

18
Q

Wrist ROM ranges

A

Flexion 65-85
Extension 60-85
Ulnar Deviation 20-45
Radial Deviation 15-21

19
Q

Radiocarpal Joint movement

A

convex moving on a concave: roll and glide in opposite direction

20
Q

What should you do to facilitate flexion at radio carpal joint? Facilitate extension?

A

flexion: stabilize radius and ulna, move proximal row posteriorly
extension: stabilize radius and ulna, move proximal row anteriorly

21
Q

Midcarpal Joint Movement

A

ulnar side: convex moving on a concave: roll and glide opposite direction

radial side: concave on convex: roll and glide in same direction

22
Q

What should you do to facilitate flexion at mid carpal joint? Facilitate extension?

A

flexion: stabilize L/Tq and move C/H posteriorly; stabilize Sc and move Trap/Td anteriorly
extension: stabilize L/Tq and move C/H anteriorly; stabilize Sc and move Trap/Td posteriorly

23
Q

Functions of the TFCC

A
  • increase articular congruency
  • tether ECU (increase function)
  • absorb forces
  • increase stability on ulnar side
24
Q

which ligament is a conduit for neuromuscular structures?

A

radioscapholunate; palmer extrinsic

25
Q

Midcarpal and Radiocarpal position bias

A

radiocarpal: flexion and ulnar deviation
midcarpal: extension and radial deviation

26
Q

ulnar positive vs negative variance

A

positive variance: long ulna; potential for impingement of the TFCC between distal ulna and triquetrum; pain with ulnar deviation, pronation (less space)

negative variance: short ulna: TFCC must be thicker, more compressive forces, release of compression needed for nutrition–> vascular necrosis, Kienbock’s disease (necrosis of lunate)

27
Q

Axial Loading Percentages

A

80% radius, 20% ulna

from radius: 40% lunate, 60% scaphoid

28
Q

Radius line of inclination:

A

11 degrees towards volar side

23 degrees towards ulnar side

29
Q

Motions of the wrist joint

A

full flexion–neutral= solely midcarpal

neutral: scaphoid and distal row of carpals tense

0-45 extension: scaphoid moves on distal row moving on radius, lunate, triquetrum

45 extension: scaphoid and lunate ligament have enough tension to move together; proximal and distal carpals all move on radius and disc; motion only at radio carpal joint

30
Q

Medial Collateral Ligament functions

A
  1. stabilizes against valgus torques at medial elbow
  2. limits extension at end of elbow range
  3. guides joint motion throughout flexion ROM
  4. provides resistance against to longitudinal distraction of joint surfaces
31
Q

Lateral Collateral Ligamentous complex

A
  1. stabilizes elbow against varus torque
  2. stabilizes against combined varus and supination torques
  3. reinforces humeroradial joint and helps provide some resistance to longitudinal distraction of the surfaces
  4. stabilizes radial head, stable base for rotation
  5. maintain posterolateral rotatory stability
  6. prevents sublux of humeroulnar joint by securing ulna to humerus
  7. prevents forearm from rotating off the humerus in valgus and supination during flexion from fully extended position.
32
Q

Changes that occur due to Tennis Elbow:

A 
o	Tendons thin, not swell
o	Increase vascularity
o	Collagen degeneration
o	Increase GAG to pull water
o	Loss of tenocytes
o	Calcifications
o	fatty deposits within the muscle –can't be reversed
33
Q

Reasons for an increased carrying angle

A
  • bony change (more inferior trochlea)
  • axis of rotation shifted
  • MCL lax, slack
  • LCL tight
34
Q

Limits to Valgus

A

in extension: MCL (1/3), Anterior joint capsule (1/3), and bone (1/3)

in flexion: 90 degrees; anterior MCL

35
Q

Limits to Varus

A

in extension: LCL complex (50%), joint capsule/bone (50%)

in flexion: 90 degrees; Almost all osseous bone components; slight LCL and capsule

36
Q

Limits to distraction

A

in extension: ALL soft tissue, not bony structures; capsules and ligaments

in extension: 90 degrees; anterior MCL

37
Q

Limits to anterior dislocation

A

anterior capsule, slight contribution from MCL and LCL

38
Q

Radioulnar Joints

A

Proximal: Convex on concave: movement in opposite directions

Distal: concave on convex: same direction

39
Q

Functional elbow ROM for ADLs

A

Flexion 30-130 (100 needed)
Pronation 50
Supination 55
—> total 100

40
Q

Effects of Age

A
  • decrease in strength of elbow muscles (concentric and eccentric)
  • elbow extensors decrease most rapidly
  • not much different in supination and pronation
  • male vs female:
    • when younger: not much difference in flex/ext strength
    • when age: males have increase CSA than females (almost 3x)
41
Q

MCL injury

A
  • increased normal carrying angle
  • excessive compression of radial head on capitulum (avascular necrosis)
  • possible ulnar N inflamed, N/T
  • flexor-pronator mass strain, tendinitis
  • common in overhead throwing athletes
42
Q

function of interosseous membrane

A
  • Maintains space between radius and ulna during forearm rotation
  • Stabilizes posterior and inferior joints
  • Transmits forces from hand and distal radius to ulna
  • Maintains transverse stability of forearm during compressive load transfer

Movement Science (3 decks)

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