Exam 3 Flashcards
A relatively permanent change in a organism’s behavior due to experience is called…
learning
The type of learning in which we learn to associate two stimuli is…
classical conditioning
tendency to associate a response and its consequence forms the basis of…
operant conditioning
procedure in which a person teaches a complicated behavior by building up to it in small steps is called…
shaping
a event that increases the frequency of a behavior is a …
reinforcer
procedure involving reinforcement of each and every response is called…
continuous reinforcement
procedure in which responses are reinforced only part of the time is called…
partial/intermittent
neuroscientists have found ___ neurons in the brain that provide a neural basis for ___ learning
mirror observational
type if learning associated with Skinner
operant conditioning
when a conditioned stimulus is presented without an accompanying unconditioned stimulus ___ will soon take place
extinction
learning by imitating others behaviors is called…
observational
researcher best known for studying observational learning…
Bandura
a behavior followed by the removal of a unpleasant stimulus is being…
negatively reinforced
encoding that requires attention and effort is called…
effortful processing
the tendancy to remember the first and last items in a list best is called the…
serial position effect
memories for surprising, significant moments that are especially clear are called…
flashbulb memories
after suffering damage to the hippocampus, a person would probably…
lose the ability to store new facts.
being in a bad mood after a hard day of work, Susan could think nothing positive in her life. This is best explained as an example of…
mood-congruent memory
when starting a new job and asked your new number you can only think of your old extension. This would illustrate the effects of…
interference
according to Freud the failure to remember painful memories (war, torture) is a example of…
repression
the steps in memory information processing are…
encoding, storage, and retrieval
short-term memory span is approximately ___ items
7
the spacing effect means that
study spread out over time results in better retention that cramming
memory for skills is called…
implicit memory
the three-stage processing model of memory was proposed by
Atkinson & Shriffrin
long-term potentiation refers to…
the increased efficiency of a synapse’s firing potential following learning
repression is an example of …
motivated forgetting
what is not recommended as a strategy for improving memory…
speed reading
When response is first learned. (1st stage in conditioning)…
acquisition
motivated forgetting provides a example of forgetting caused by failure in…
retrieval
when behavior is strengthened if followed by reinforcement, or diminished if punished
operant
behavior strengthened if reinforced
law of effect
voluntary behavior
operant behavior
process of observing and imitating
modeling
poor memory for recalling memory for info just before your about to speak
next-in-line-effect
sound
acoustic encoding
meaning
semantic encoding
organizing items into familiar manageable units. often automatic, acronyms
chunking
retention without conscious recollection
implicit memory
facts & experience that one can consciously know and declare
explicit memory
