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Rad Physics > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

what is the established MPD for occupational exposure?

A

5.0 rads/year

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2
Q

1/16 lead is equivalent to how many inches of concrete?

A

4

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3
Q

where should the exposure switch be located?

A

inside the booth

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4
Q

how long should radiation exposure records be kept?

A

indefinetly

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5
Q

why should you not use an extremity screen in an office that primarily takes spinal films?

A

extremity films might get mixed with spinal films and require retakes

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6
Q

what is problem with storing xray films flat rather that upright?

A

pressure marks

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7
Q

what effect does large crystals in the intensifying screen have?

A

more light is emitted

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8
Q

how often should you clean your screens?

A

3 months

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9
Q

what is bad about split and gradient screens?

A

they increase patient exposure

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10
Q

for general skeletal radiology what speed of rare earth screens is recommended?

A

400-600

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11
Q

a loss of film screen contact would most likely create what problem?

A

blurring of part of the image

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12
Q

silver is removed in which part of the processing stage?

A

fixing

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13
Q

how would the film appear if you reduced the developing time and maintained the temp?

A

it will be too light

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14
Q

if your developer is brow what would you expect?

A

it is oxidized

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15
Q

what is the first thing you would do if you were manually processing films?

A

check the developer temp

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16
Q

what is the most common processing artifact with automatic processing?

A

roller marks

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17
Q

of the steps in manual processing which takes the longest?

A

washing

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18
Q

what is the purpose of the squeegee rollers in automatic processing?

A

to remove fluids from film between solutions

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19
Q

how intense is a high intensity light?

A

75-100 watts

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20
Q

what is true about subject density?

A

it is said to be decreased when it is dark

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21
Q

what would you expect if you took a film and your FFD was shorter than your grid range?

A

you will see grid lines

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22
Q

federal guidelines state that you need to be _____ years old to take xrays

A

18

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23
Q

what should employees who are pregnant do to take xrays?

A

wear a lead apron when xraying patients

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24
Q

what color glow is preferred for the intensifying screen chrystals today?

A

blue-green

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25
Q

what number is given for a par speed screen?

A

100

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26
Q

what can be used to maximize light reaching the film from the screen chrystal?

A

a reflective layer

27
Q

where are the latches to open the cassette?

A

the side

28
Q

what would produce the most grain on a film?

A

fast speed screens

29
Q

with intensifying screens what gives you better detail?

A

a single screen system

30
Q

what will you do with your old outdated films?

A

sell them for their silver content

31
Q

what is true of subject density?

A

it is said to be increased when it is light

32
Q

why are renal shadows often seen on an AP lumbar film?

A

due to contrast between oil and water densities

33
Q

what is true of manual processing?

A

fixing is twice as long as developing

34
Q

small white specks on a processed film usually indicate what?

A

dirty intensifying screen

35
Q

with usual manual processing equipment which tank contains acidic solution?

A

developer tank

36
Q

what color safelight filter is needed for most rare earth screens?

A

red

37
Q

what is a high intensity lamp used for?

A

to see overexposed areas better

38
Q

if you want to see the SI joints and the L5 disc space without distortion on a frontal view which would be the best thing to do?

A

direct central ray AP with a cephalic tilt

39
Q

what film/screen combination is used in most chiro offices?

A

DOUBLE EMULSION FILM WITH DOUBLE INTENSIFYING SCREEN

40
Q

what is the proper arrangement of the five subject film densities from most to least dense?

A

heavy metal, metal, water, oil, air

41
Q

what is the lead equivalent thickness required for the ceiling of a single story building in inches?

A

none

42
Q

too high of a KV will have what effect on a film?

A

quantum mottle

43
Q

black branching streaks randomly placed on the film is usually due to what?

A

static electricity

44
Q

what type of film is used in chiro offices?

A

double emulsion

45
Q

what advantage does a single screen cassette have?

A

increased image detail

46
Q

what speed is preferred in general spinal radiography with a rare earth system?

A

400

47
Q

100 speed screens is referred to as?

A

par

48
Q

rare earth screens have what effect?

A

less radiation dose to the patient

49
Q

what produces the most grain on a film?

A

using fast speed screens

50
Q

with intensifying screens what gives the best detail?

A

a single screen system

51
Q

how many 14x17 films should be processed in a week?

A

20-25

52
Q

if the temp in your dryer is too hot what will happen?

A

the film will have water spots

53
Q

the sheet of lead in a cassette serves what purpose?

A

to help prevent back scatter

54
Q

using an extremity cassette will have which effect?

A

it will increase patient exposure

55
Q

if your cassette was incompletely closed what would the film look like?

A

it would have a black strip at the edge

56
Q

what exists on a film after you expose the patient but before you process it?

A

a latent image

57
Q

which combination of screen light and film color is preferred?

A

green light and purple film

58
Q

what is the usual recommended optimal developing temp for manual processing?

A

68 degrees

59
Q

sensitometry is a way to do what?

A

to check consistency of processing

60
Q

in what phase of processing does the latent image become the manifest image?

A

developing phase

61
Q

densitometry and sensitometry are primarily used for what purpose?

A

to moniter processing function

62
Q

a curtain effect from lack of fluids being removed in automatic processing is caused by what?

A

malfunction of the squeegee rollers

63
Q

what are the needed thickness of lead for primary and secondary protective barriers for an xray facility?

A

1/16 (primary) and 1/32 (secondary)

Rad Physics (2 decks)

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