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MLT Exam 3 > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Know the parts of a basic clinical lab microscope (like we use in lab).

A

Be able to label a diagram.

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2
Q

What removes dried oil from the lens the best

A

Xylene

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3
Q

Explain the numerical aperture on the microscope.

A

A solid cone of light delivered to the specimen by the condenser gathered by the objective

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4
Q

Define Resolution

A

the ability of the scope to reveal or separate fine detail

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5
Q

Define Working Distance

A
  • the distance from the center of the objective to the top of the specimen; also called focal length
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6
Q

Define Aberration

A

imperfect refraction or focalization of a lens; the inability to being light rays to a singe focus

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7
Q

What Part of the Microscope Reflects the beam of light upward

A

Mirror

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8
Q

What Part of the Microscope Directs and focuses the light from the light source up to the specimen?

A

Condenser

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9
Q

What Part of the Microscope Controls the amount of light?

A

Iris Diaphragm

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10
Q

Know how to calculate the total magnification of a specimen on a microscope.

A

(Ocular)x (Objective)= total magnification

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11
Q

What are the three most common objectives used in the clinical lab and what are they otherwise known as?

A

10 low power, 40x or 45x high dry, 50x, 100x oil emersion

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12
Q

What magnification are most oculars?

A

10x

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13
Q

What is a MSDS and what kind of information can a lab employee get from it?

A

-Material Safety Data Sheet and it describes hazards, safe handling, storage and disposal of hazardous chemicals.

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14
Q

What do the colors of the diamond hazard symbol give you information about?

A

-Yellow is the Reactivity (4 May Detonate-0 Stable) -Red is Fire Hazard (4 below 73deg F – 0 Will not Burn) -Blue is Health Hazard (4 Deadly- 0 Normal Material) -White is Specific Hazard (OXY-Oxidizer, Acid-Acid, ALK-Alkali, COR-Corrosive, W- Use No Water, Radiation Hazard)

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15
Q

Define Standard Precautions

A

To treat all specimens as potentially infectious

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16
Q

Give some examples of Class A, Class B, and Class C bioterrorism agents.

A
  • Class A- Anthrax, Botulism, Plague, Smallpox, Tularemia,Filoviruses (Ebola, Marburg) Arenaviruses (Lassa, Machupo)
  • Class B-Salmonella, E. Coli, Epsilon Toxin, Venezulan Equine Encephalitis, Western “ “
  • Class C- HIV, AIDS
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17
Q

What is the single most effective way to reduce the possibility of contaminating yourself?

A

Use Proper PPE, Glvoes, Facial Barriers, Lab Coats

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18
Q

Where should contaminated materials be disposed?

A

Bioharard

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19
Q

Explain what an employee should do if they were to get caustic chemicals (especially NaOH) on their skin? In their eyes?

A

On skin should be washed off with water for 5 min, and washed for 15 min if in eyes

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20
Q

Name 5 safety features all clinical labs should have.

A

-Fire Blanket, Fire Extinguisher, Eye Wash Station, First Aid Kid, Shower Station

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21
Q

What does T.C. stand for? Define it.

A

To Contain, designed to contain a given volume of liquid at the calibration mark

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22
Q

What does T.D. stand for? Define it

A

To Deliver, designed to deliver a designated volume into the receiving vessel

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23
Q

Glassware that resists normal cleaning should be cleaned with what?

A

A solution of Potassium or Sodium Dichromate and Concentrated Sulfuric Acid

24
Q

Describe Volumetric or Transfer Pipettes

A

used when greatest accuracy and precision are required as with standard solutions and unknown solutions

25
Q

Define Serological Pipettes

A
  • calibrated to the tip, can be used for “point-to-point” measurements, generally a blow out pipette
26
Q

Define Ostwald-Folin Pipettes

A

special versions of volumetric pipettes, designed to transfer liquids to minimize drainage errors, shorter in comparison with the bulb near the delivery tip for faster drainage

27
Q

Define Graduated or Measuring Pipettes

A
  • long straight tube with graduated markings indicating the volume delivered, used when accuracy is not required, mainly for measuring reagents or water
28
Q

What does an etched ring near the mouth of the pipette mean?

A

That it is a Serological Pipette or a blow out pipette

29
Q

Describe Erenmeyer Flask

A

has a flat bottom and sides that slope up the neck, used occasionally in the lab for holding and mixing liquids, measuring noncritical volumes and preparing reagents

30
Q

Define Beakers

A

Various sizes & Shapes, Wide mouth, straight sides and spout for pouring, used to estimate liquid amounts for mixing and heating solutions, and for storage, has calibration marks, heat and chemical resistant

31
Q

Define Graduated Cylinders

A

Glassware or plastic with several calibrated markings, in sizes 5mL to many, precise volumes should not be measured, allows for the measurement of fractional volumes, used for specific volume of liquid

32
Q

Define Volumetric or Florence Flasks

A

has a rounded bottom with a long neck which the calibration math is found, used to contain a specific amount of volume of liquid, size from mL to Several Liters, used to prepare solutions when the accuracy of the concentration is important

33
Q

What is low actinic glass used for?

A

Used for light sensitive compounds

34
Q

Name the most common material used for plasticware in the lab.

A

-Polyethylene -Polypropylene, -Polycarbonate

35
Q

Define Primary Standard

A

a reference material that is of fixed and know composition and capable of being prepared in essentially pure form: not necessary for routine lab use

36
Q

Define Secondary Standard

A

a reference material in which the analyte concentration has been ascertained by reference to a primary standard by an acceptable reference method: Commercially obtained, commonly used

37
Q

Define A.R.

A

analytical reagent, high degree of purity, routine in lab work, list impurities

38
Q

Define C.P.

A

chemically pure, used in many lab analyses, limit of impurities tolerated not given, suitable for use in general applications

39
Q

Define N.F.

A

National Formulary, less pure than C.P. some may be very pure, primary qualification is that any 4 impurities which are health hazards are identified

40
Q

Define U.S.P.

A
  • United States Pharmacopeia
41
Q

Define Distilled Water

A

water that is boiled, contains dissolved gases and organic solvents

42
Q

Define Deionized Water

A

passed through a column of charged resin particles, combine with ions present in water to remove substances that carry an electrical charge, may have some impurities remaining

43
Q

Define Double Distilled Water

A

name implies, redistilled to an even higher degree of purity, prepares ammonia free water for certain procedures

44
Q

Define Reagent Grade Water

A
  • Ideal for reconstituting chemistry or coagulation products, preparing analytical standards, or rinsing delicate electrodes
45
Q

Explain the proper storage of reagents and chemicals.

A

-Refrigerated is stored at the proper temperature for that reagent -Dry Powders- store in a cool, dry place -Flammable- typically stored in flame cabinets away from any heat source

46
Q

Name 5 things a reagent label must contain. Should reagents ever be stored unlabeled?

A

-Name -Concentration of reagent -Initials of person preparing reagent -Expiration Date -Use

47
Q

What is the expiration date of a reagent if it is not specified?

A

1 Month

48
Q

What steps must you take once you have transferred a chemical from the weigh boat into a receiving vessel to ensure an accurately prepared solution?

A

-Rinse the weight boat and funnel with your solvent

49
Q

How long is HBV stable in blood products at 25ᵒC?

A

7 Days

50
Q

Explain Bright Field

A

uses daylight or light bulbs with a compound lens system

51
Q

Explain Dark Field

A

condenser to make background appear dark while the specimen is light, condenser causes the light waves to cross on the specimen instead of pass through it

52
Q

Explain Polarized

A

special filter that takes ordinary light waves and allows only light waves of one orientation (North to South) to pass through and reach the specimen illuminates objects that can rotate light

53
Q

Explain Fluorescent Microscope

A

equipped with a UV light source and special filter to allow shorter wavelengths to allow you to use fluorescence

54
Q

Explain Phase Contrast

A

special diaphragm into or below the condenser to view unstained structured

55
Q

Explain Electron

A

Substitution of an electron beam for light rays to achieve greater resolution

56
Q

Define field of view

A

The visible area through an in focused lens

MLT Exam 3 (2 decks)

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