Exam 3 Flashcards
A rule or regulation issued by the president that has the effect and formal status of legislation; a formal order issued by they president ordering someone on the lower executive branch to perform a certain action
Executive order
The president’s constitutional power to turn down acts of Congress
Presidential veto
How many votes are needed to override a presidential veto?
2/3 vote of each house of Congress
Presidential power to grant reprieves, pardons, and amnesties
Presidential pardon
All agencies that fall under the cabinet structure (ex: FEMA, IRS) Depts., bureaus, or independent agencies whose primary mission is to impose limits, restrictions, or other obligations on the conduct of individuals or companies in the private sector.
Regulatory agencies
Power of the president to not spend the money appropriated by Congress
Impoundment
The system of practice of rewarding loyal supporters of the winning candidates and party with appointive public offices (practice where the suck ups gets the hook up for jobs cause they know people?s what Ms. Davis said)
Spoils system
includes the
CONSTITUTIONAL POWERS:
EXTRA CONSTITUTIONAL POWERS:
Article II
a. commander & chief (armed forces)
b. power of pardon (does not need congress checks and balances)
c. * in Art. 1..veto
CONSTITUTIONAL POWERS
a. executive order:
b. executive agreement:
c. impoundment:
EXTRA CONSTITUTIONAL POWERS
order by pres ordering someone on lower executive branch to do something
executive order:
formal agreement that president enters into and has force and effect of international law
executive agreement:
concerns bills passed in last 10 days of legislative session,bills are said to be “dead” if president does nothing
presidential pocket VETO
money not spent from a budget
surplus
money spent over budget
deficit
[executive order] (pearl harbor) korematsu arrested & sent off to internment camp, SC said it was ok because it did not exceed article II, and affected national security.
Korematsu V. U.S.
The permanent agencies the perform defined management tasks for the president
Executive office of the President (EOP)
Most important and largest EOP agency
Office of Management and Budget (OMB)
Most important non-contributory program until 1996; federal assistance program that provided financial assistance to children of single parents or whose families had low or no income
Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC)
An institution established in 1944 that provides loans and facilities international monetary exchange. It was set up to provide for the short-term flow of money
International Monetary Fund
Social programs where we pay into it by taxation or mandatory contributions; for example: social security
Contributory programs
Type of security that is global and focused, ex: UN
Collective security
The period of struggle between the United Sates and the former Soviet Union between the late 1940s and about 1990. They kept scaring each other with nuclear weapons
Cold War
Amendment that deals with succession to the Presidency and establishes procedures both for filling a vacancy in the office of the Vice President, as well as responding to Presidential disabilities
25th amendment
A program created in 1974 to provide benefits for the aged, blind, and the disabled, and provides uniform minimum benefits across the entire nation. It was created to rectify the disparities in levels of old-age benefits.
Supplemental security income (SSI)
The willingness to strike first in order to prevent an enemy attack
Preemption
Resolution of both chambers of Congress given to Pres. Lyndon Johnson to do whatever he wanted in respect to the Vietnamese war (gave him a blank check)
Tonkin Gulf Resolution
Agency that prepares the national budget, designs the president’s program, reports on agency activities, and oversees regulatory proposals.
Office of Management and Budget (OMB)
Also known as the Recovery Act, this redistributes the funds in 3 ways in response to save and create jobs almost immediately.
American Reinvestment and Recovery Act (2009)
Independent agency that is the head of the federal reserve system which is the central banking system of the US
Federal reserve board (the Fed)
Non cash goods and services provided to needy individuals and families by the federal government
In-kind benefits/assistance
Contributory welfare program into which working Americans contribute a percentage of their wages from which they receive cash benefits after retirement
Social security
This act created two separate categories of welfare: contributory and non contributory)
Social security act of 1935
Composed mainly of analysts and advisers to the president and are given the title “special assistant”
White House Staff
Has authority over the interest rates and lending activities of the nation’s most important banks
Federal reserve system
Form of rule by offices and desks; each office comprises a set of tasks that are specialized to the needs of the organization
Bureaucracy
Provides good and services but financed tax dollars (ex: post office and Amtrak)
Government corporations
Agency that is outside the cabinet structure. They answer to the president directly and have longer terms
Independent regulatory agencies
Social program where you don’t put money in but you get something out of it based on your need
Non contributory program
Passed in 1880, people can’t get a job as civil servants by people you know, you have to have credentials
Pendleton act
Test/system to where the people appointed to positions as civil servants must be deemed qualified for this positions
Merit system
Program that Congress replaced AFDC with order to block grant
Temporary assistance to Needy Families (TANF)
Procedure that requires applicants to show a financial need for assistance
Means testing
Program that provides extended medical services to all low-income persons who already established eligibility by means testing
Medicaid
A treaty organization, comprising the US, Canada, and most of Western Europe, formed in 1948 to counter the perceived threat from the Soviet Union
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
Type of security that shares common interests (ex:NATO and Warsaw Pact)
Regional security
Groups other than nation-states that attempt to play a role in the international system. Ex: terrorists
Non-state actor
Foreign policy based on the idea that the US should take preemptive action against threats to national security
Bush doctrine
Social benefits that private employers offer to their workers, ex: medical insurance and pensions.
Shadow welfare state
Puts the foreign policy powers somewhat back to Congress. Gave the president the authority to deploy forces abroad without congressional authority for 60 days
War powers act
Component of the president’s power; claim that confidential communications between a president and close advisers should not be revealed without the consent of the president
Executive privilege
Powers claim by a president that are not expressed in the constitution, but are understood in it
Inherent powers
The secretaries or chief administrators of the major dpts. of federal govt.
Presidential cabinet
International trade agency promoting free trade that grew out if the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
World Trade Organization (WTO)
Trade treaty along the US, Canada, and Mexico to lower and eliminate tariffs among the 3 countries
North American Free Trade Agreement(NAFTA)
An organization of nations founded in 1945 to serve a a channel for negotiation ad a means of settling international disputes peaceably
United Nations
Amendment that describes the term of the president. No person shall be elected as president more than twice
22nd amendment
The representation of government to other foreign governments
Diplomacy
Guiding foreign policy; contain where it is, to prevent the spread of communism
Containment
American program to aid Europe where the United States gave monetary support to help rebuild European economies after the end of World War II in order to prevent the spread of Soviet Communism
Marshall plan
Case that gave 3 distinctions between:
- Congress and president
- Domestic (congress) and foreign policy (president)
- Enumerated and implied (only applies to congress) and inherent powers
United States v. Curtiss-Wright Export Corp.
SC said no and struck down Truman’s executive order to seize a private company; Truman sent troops to North Korea without declaration of war
Youngstown S&T v. Sawyer
curfews; if you were of Jap. descent, you have to get home when the sun goes down and don’t come out until the sun comes out?; the SC upheld the curfews
Hirabayshi v. US
Reagan used engineering money to conduct foreign policy to bring back the hostages. Case concerning executive agreement
Dames and Moore v. Reagan
Case concerning whether or not a president can impound funds; yes, presidents can but congress has to approve the impoundment (Nixon)
Train v. City of New York
Case of whether ex. privilege allows Nixon to not turn over the tapes
Limited the power of ex. privilege; can’t use it to cover up criminal wrongdoings
US v. Nixon
you have no right to an education; the system of school financing violates the equal protection clause of the 14th amendment; the SC said no, just because the govt provides a service doesn’t mean that service has to be equal
San Antonio v. Rodriguez
SC ruled that it does violate the state constitution
The Texas legislation passed the Senate Bill 7 (Robin Hood plan) but taxpayers filed a lawsuit saying the plan violates their constitutional right as taxpayers
Edgewood v. Kirby
The ruling of SC inaugurated the concept of entitlement- as long as a person is eligible in AFDC, the person cannot be denied benefits without due processo
Goldberg v. Kelly
