Exam 3

Question 1

Guatemalans agricultural sector produces 22.7% of the country’s GDP and employs what % of the labor force.

Answer 1

50

Question 2

What do Hunters Gatherers living near the Pacific Ocean specialize in

Answer 2

Salmon Fishing

Question 3

How do villages everywhere reflect social stratification

Answer 3

range in size and quality of houses, represents the owners wealth and standing in the community.

Question 4

What is the average size of a family farm in china

Answer 4

1-3

Question 5

Where were, in the 18th century British textiles manufactured

Answer 5

Manchester

Question 6

What was the first power source of the industrial revolution

Answer 6

wind/water

Question 7

What were, in 2005, China, Japan,the US, Russia and South Korea the top five producers of

Answer 7

steel

Question 8

Where did manufacturing in North America begin

Answer 8

New England

Question 9

By 1990 what was the only American company producing color tvs

Answer 9

Zenith

Question 10

Releasing what into the atmosphere causes the depletion of the ozone lawyer

Answer 10

chloroflourocarbons

Question 11

How many years ago was the latest Pangea breakup

Answer 11

180 mya

Question 12

What is the geological epoch we are currently living in

Answer 12

We are currently living in the Holocene Epoch of the Quaternary Period

Question 13

How many millions of organisms exist on planet earth

Answer 13

8.7 million

Question 14

What is center, most important, to globalization

Answer 14

trade

Question 15

What are media corporations that integrate ownership in a variety of points along the production and consumption chain called

Answer 15

vertical integration. Time Warner, Disney, Viacomm,etc

Question 16

What has undercut the power of Media as a gatekeeper to information

Answer 16

blogs

Question 17

In 1992, the most widely grown crop variety on earth, a product of the green revolution, was called IR36. It is a variety of what crop

Answer 17

rice

Question 18

Where in the world do most interstate pipelines begin

Answer 18

southwest region

Question 19

Around the world, what factor is the consumption of resources tied to.

Answer 19

media

Question 20

in what century did the little Ice age begin

Answer 20

16th

Question 21

what % of the earth is covered by water

Answer 21

70%

Question 22

What connects the Ruhr industrial area to its port

Answer 22

the Rhine River

Question 23

What % of the total food production in the US is organic

Answer 23

just under 4%

Question 24

at one time the entire world nation were divided into three worlds, first, second and third. Why were they divided this way and who was in each world? How are nations classified today and generally who is each grouping?

Answer 24

1. first world; the US and its allies (Europe, Japan, Australia, Canada) free marketers and capitalist, supply/demand on prices of goods.
2. Second world: USSR and its allies ( Eastern Europe, China, Cuba, etc.) planned economists. Only what people need it, like food and water. Things you need it were cheaper, what you did not was more.
3. Third World: everyone else, also called the nonaligned. Countries were poor and new, attempting to rise on the economic level of the first world. They would only grow by asking for help and wanted allies on their side.

Today the Third World means poor country. Nations are classified today as MDC, LDC, UDC.

• MostDC; US, Canada, most of Europe, Japan, South Korea.
• LeastDC: Mexico, South America, South Africa.
• UdevelopedDC: Africa, parts the Middle East and Asia.

Question 25

Near what do technopoles tend to locate

Answer 25

near centers of research and development

Question 26

Define what we mean by development. Show me how the optimists and pessimists predict where it will lead us. Who are these people and what makes them think this way?

Answer 26

Development: over 150 years the Industrial Revolution has made a better life for everyone, standard of living has risen, health standards are up. 10% were wealthy, today 75% are.

1. Optimists: The world is interconnected-we al need eachother for something. The earth is flat. But we have to compete w everyone. Trade connects ppl.
2. Pessimists: Development is uneven. The richer countries become richer and the poor will be poorer. They believe industrial countries have a vested interest in keeping poorer countries poor. Development will lead to: Ecological Disaster, Not Enough Resources, Political Disasters (oil)

Question 27

Using the concept of geographic determinism, demonstrate how did the geography of the new and old world influence the development of the domestication of plants and animals in each of those areas? Why did each one go in different directions? Finally when these two worlds came at the contact, what were the consequences

Answer 27

• Old world ( Europe, Asia and North America) runs primarily west to east with easy access to each other and with similar climates creating a great deal of cultural diffusion. Agriculture can start in one place and easily be transferred to another. Animals became domesticated, they could be used for plowing, transportation and warfare.
• The New World:( North and South Latin America) Corn was domesticated over 10,000 years ago, one of the most important crops ever domesticated. They also domesticated potatoes, beans, squash and chocolate in tobacco.

Because the ppl of the New World never developing an immunity to dieseases, when the ppl from the OW came over the NW ppl developed dieseases and died easily.

Question 28

How did the Enclosure movements, Sugar plantations, Triangle trade, Beaver trade and the Scientific Revolution all play into the rise of the industrial revolution in the beginning of the 18th century in England?

Answer 28

In order to have the Industrial Revolution a number of items had to be in place: labor force, urbanization, capital to finance it and knowledge of how to build machines.

1. The Enclosure Movement: 17th-century England: peasants were driven from their fields in order for lords to herd sheep for wool.
2. Sugar plantations: with introduction of coffee, tea and chocolate to Europe, sugar comes to the forefront. It is grown in plantations in the Caribbean, The planters make a fortune. Main source of labor is slaves.
3. Triangle trade: hard physical work slaves only lasted seven years. This led to an enormous amount of slaves needed. This is how the triangle trade started. Slaves taken from Africa, sold for Rum in Caribbean island and from there the Rum sold in North America for cash and finally back to Africa for more slaves.
4. Beaver trade: beaver pelts were bought from North America by trading companies who ship them to Russian furriers, then shipped to England and manufactured for fancy hats. Everyone along the way made money.
5. Scientific revolution: knowledge of how the world works made it possible for machines and machinery to be manufactured, the world is now understandable. All of the above led to the Industrial Revolution

Question 29

The success of the Industrial Revolution can be linked to many people including Isaac Newton, James Watt, Eli Whitney, John Sears, Frederick Taylor and Henry Ford. What inventions or ideas that each can contribute to the Industrial Revolution and how to do flourish? What is consumerism and how does it affect industry and society?

Answer 29

• Isaac Newton: without his way of looking at the world the Industrial Revolution would never have been.
• James Watt: inventor of the steam engine, made factories possible for manufacturing mass quantities, made transportation possible and a large network of railroads.
• Eli Whitney: the adventure of the interchangeable parts, without mass production of parts would be impossible.
• Richard Sears: wish book Sears created a new source of consumers, the catalog by mail order.
• Frederick Winslow Taylor: invented the concept of scientific management. Factories run more effectively and brought down cost of manufacturing, could tell you exactly how to do it and how long to take.
• Henry Ford: Fordism: created the assembly line and mass production. Built the first portable car, paid his workers the first living wage.

Consumerism is how you get people to buy more stuff, started in the 1920s; has two parts:

1. advertising-buying products through ads.
2. credit cards-allow people to pay off their debt over time with interest.

Question 30

Societal hierarchies exist complex societies. Agrarian societies had casts and modern industrial societies have classes. What are the major differences between a cast and a class? In agrarian societies what were the major castes? Industrial societies what was the major classes? Who was in them, how did they get there and what did they do?

Answer 30

A Caste is something you are born into and rarely go up or down, but a Class you can easily move up and down.

Agrarian:

1. Landed Elite: Royality n associates (2-5%pop) Have control over the state affairs. Control most of land.
2. City Dwellers: Artisans, Merchants, Craftsman (20%pop) Given status from their work and ties to elites.
3. Peasants: ppl who worked the land, had not rights except what their Lords provided. (80%pop)
   
   1. Tenants: leased land for % of crops; majority
   2. Small Land Owners: grew crops, paid taxes. Got land through valor.

US Classes

1. Upper Clas: Elites, Control over much of affairs too. Status from owning capital (2-5%), Status from family over generations.
2. Middle Class: Professionals, Bachelors degree. Influence in running the affairs of the state. (20-25%)
3. Working Class: Factory workers, officeds, laborers. Some influence cuz they can vote. (75%pop)
   
   1. Stable WC: full-time job, benefits. Believe that they are middle class.
   2. Unstable WC: The working Poor, not good jobs. Unemplyment.

Question 31

What are some of the push and pull factors that led to urbanization in the US in the 20th century? How did they give rise to suburbanization of the United States? What effect in the interstate highway system and malls have on suburbanization?

Answer 31

PUSH to cities:

1. Farming is tough
2. Industrial Revolution: made life tougher for small farmers. expensive machinery. Boom or Bust. Constant Refinance.

Farmers were replaced by Agribusiness.

PULL to cities:

1. Industrial Rev made jobs skyrocket
2. POP culture made cities more glamorous
3. You could remake yourself in a city

Suburanization:

PUSH to suburbs:

1. 1950s Enclosure Movement: share croppers (black ppl) forced to move to cities. Heroin-High crime rates.
2. Racism- large influx of Blacks to cities, white fight began. Blockbusting(told ppl about blc neighbors) n Redlining(banks not giving finance to fix homes to blk ppl)
3. decline of public schools in cities

PULL to suburb

1. Media made ppl believe suburbs were great.
2. GI Bill
3. Interstate HW System
4. Cheap gas & cars
5. Track house (1951, Levittown)

Highway System: Allowing ppl to drive around the country n get to malls. A place to meet, to shop, hangout.