Exam 3 Flashcards
Where are catecholamines found?
In the CNS PNS and adrenal gland
Catecholamines belong to what class if NTs?
Monoamines including serotonin
What does the adrenal medulla release into the blood?
NE and E
What does DA contain and NE neurons contain?
DA- Tyrosine hydroxylase TH and AADC
NE- TH, AADC and DBH
What do VMATs do
Transport NT through the vesicle wall into the interior
VMATS 1- is where
VMAT 2- is where
1- in adrenal gland
2- in brain
What does reserpine block and what are the results, what reverses
VMATs for DA and NE. Results in sedation in animals, depression in humans. Iv injection of DOPA restores catecholamine levels
What is DOPA
Converted to DA in the brain
What is Reserpine
Depletes catecholamines by inhibiting vesicular uptake
6-Hydroxydopamine 6-OHDA
Damages or destroys catecholaminergic neurons
Amphetamine
Releases catecholamines
Cocaine and methylphenidate
Inhibit catecholamine re uptake
Apomorphine
Stimulates DA receptors generally (agonist)
Haloperidol
Blocks D2 receptors (antagonist)
Phenylephrine- dilate pupil, eye exam
Nasal spray, vasocon
Clonidine- treat high BP
Stimulates alpha 2 receptors (agonist)
Albuterol
Stimulates Beta receptors
Yohimbine- treat male sexual impotently
Blocks alpha 2 receptors (antagonist) - increase withdrawal symptoms
Propranolol - antianxiety treats symptoms
Blocks beta receptors generally (antagonist)
Vesamicol
Depletes ACh by inhibiting vesicular uptake
Black widow spider venom
Stimulates ACh release
Botulinum toxin
Inhibits ACh release
Hemicholinium-3
Depletes ACh by inhibiting choline uptake by the nerve interval
Physostigmine neostigmine pyridostigmine
Increase ACh levels by inhibiting acetylcholinesterase reversibly
Sarin and Soman
Inhibit acetylcholinesterase irreversibly
Nicotine
Stimulates nicotinic receptors (agonist)
Succinylcholine
Nicotinic receptor agonist that causes depolarization block
Pilocarpine
Stimulate muscarinic receptors (agonist)
Atropine
Blocks muscarinic receptors (antagonist)
Tiagabine- GAT1 inhibitor
Anticonvulsant
Vigabatrine: irreversible inhibitor of GABA transferase GABA-T
Anticonvulsant
Buicuculline: GABAa receptor antagonist
Convulsant
Muscimol: GABAa receptor agonist
LSD-like effect: hallucinations, loss of appetite, pupil dialation, hyperthermia, etc
Benzodiazepines (Valium) potentiate the effects of GABA at the GABAa receptor
Anxiolytics: sedative; CNS depressant
Barbiturates (phenobarbital)
Anxiolytics: sedative; CNS depressant
Ethanol: direct and indirect effects to increase GABA synapse function
Anxiolytics: sedative; CNS depressant
Baclofen: GABAb receptor agonist
Muscle relaxant; anti spastic agent
