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Biochem 2 > exam 3 > Flashcards

exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

zinc is digested by __________ in stomach and SI

A

hydrolyzation

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2
Q

zinc is stored in the

A

enterocyte

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3
Q

zinc is found where in the body

A

all organs, muscle, skin, bones enzymes of liver

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4
Q

zinc as a metaloenzyme provides _____ integrity, and participates in reaction at _____ site

A

structural, catalytic

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5
Q

carbonic anhydrase, alkaline phosphatase, and alcohol dehydrogenase are ______ dependent enzymes

A

zinc

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6
Q

zinc interacts with what 4 nutrients

A

vit. a, copper, calcium, cadmium

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7
Q

copper is stored in

A

liver, brain, kidneys, skeleton

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8
Q

________ is a glycoprotein that delivers copper to tissues

A

ceruloplasmin

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9
Q

iron is found in the body in

A

hemoglobin, myoglobin, enzymes, and blood(storage)

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10
Q

ferric Fe3+ is what form

A

oxidized

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11
Q

ferrous Fe2+ is what form

A

reduced

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12
Q

heme iron contains _______ ring

A

porphyrin

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13
Q

sources of non heme iron

A

nuts, fruits, vegetables, grains, tofu, fortified grains

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14
Q

overall iron absorption is what %

A

10-18%

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15
Q

heme iron is absorbed what %

A

25%

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16
Q

non heme iron is absorbed what %

A

2-8%

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17
Q

iron is _____ from hemoglobin/myoglobin in stomach and SI by proteases

A

hydrolyzed

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18
Q

heme iron is absorbed ______ by heme carrier protein ______

A

intact, hcp1

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19
Q

heme iron is hydrolyzed to ______ and ________

A

ferrous Fe & protoporphrin

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20
Q

Fe2 becomes ____ alkaline as it passes into SI, making it ____ available for absorption

A

more, less

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21
Q

main transporter for Fe2+ is

A

DMT1

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22
Q

synthesis of DMT1 is _______ by iron status

A

affected

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23
Q

components that enhance non heme iron absorption

A

sugars, acids, meat, mucin

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24
Q

polyphenols, oxalic acid, phytates, phosvitin, ca, zn, mn, rapid transit time _______ Fe absorption

A

inhibit

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25
Q

coffee and tea contain ______ that inhibit Fe

A

polyphenols

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26
Q

spinach, choc., and tea contain _____ that inhibit Fe absorption

A

oxalic acid

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27
Q

whole grains and legume contain ____that inhibit Fe absorption

A

phytates

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28
Q

iron is stored as

A

ferritin

29
Q

iron is transported across entercyte basolateral membrane via _____ couple by Cu and enters circulation

A

ferroportin

30
Q

main regulator of iron, released from liver as iron stores increase

A

hepcidin

31
Q

ferroportin is bound by _____ which becomes internalized and degraded rendering iron stuck inside of the enterocyte

A

hepcidin

32
Q

indicator of iron status

A

transferrin

33
Q

cellular iron uptake is affected by _____ saturation level

A

transferrin

34
Q

iron is stored in

A

liver, bone marrow, and spleen

35
Q

functions of iron

A

hemoglobin and myoglobin, electron transport, oxygenases, peroxidases, oxidoreductases, pro oxidant, other iron containing enzymes

36
Q

heme iron in center enables _____ transport and transitional storage

A

oxygen

37
Q

vit __ enhances iron absorption

A

C

38
Q

if deficient in copper, ____ deficiency anemia will occure

A

iron

39
Q

zinc inhibits iron absorption and _____ inhibits zinc absorption

A

iron

40
Q

RDA for iron in women 19-50yrs

A

18 mg

41
Q

____ ____ from iron overload

A

acute iron

42
Q

TUL for iron

A

45mg

43
Q

second most abundant mineral in the body

A

phosphorus

44
Q

majority of phosphorus is found in ____ with calcium and in muscle

A

bones

45
Q

phosphorus absorption is enhanced by vit. ___ /____

A

vit. D/calcitriol

46
Q

_______ is main intracellular buffer

A

phosphate

47
Q

macro mineral found in smallest amount in the bocy

A

mg

48
Q

sources of copper

A

organ meats, shellfish, nuts, seeds, legumes, dried fruits

49
Q

genetic disorder characterized by Cu toxicity. due to inability to excrete copper

A

wilson’s disease

50
Q

selenium deficiency disease

A

keshan disease

51
Q

role of chromium

A

potentiates insulin signaling

52
Q

role of copper

A

iron use, collagen synthesis, pigment, neurotransmitters

53
Q

role of iodine

A

thyroid hormone synthesis

54
Q

roles of iron

A

oxygen transport and use, amino acid metabolism, antioxidant, carnitine, collagen, and thyroid hormone synthesis

55
Q

role of manganese

A

brain function, collagen, bone, growth

56
Q

role of selenium

A

protection against hydrogen peroxide and free radicals

57
Q

role of zinc

A

nutrient metabolism, collagen formation, alcohol detoxification

58
Q

Overall calcium absorption is

A

25-30%

59
Q

Overall zinc absorption rate

A

20-30%

60
Q

SOD requires which three minerals?

A

Zinc, copper, and manganese

61
Q

_____ disease is a disorder that results from a mutation inATP7b, which results in excess accumulation of iron in tissue stores

A

Wilson’s

62
Q

Absorption rate of chromium is

A

0.4-2.5%

63
Q

Two main mechanisms for absorption of calcium

A

Duodenal and jejunum active transport, parra cellular diffusion(primarily jejunum and ilium)

64
Q

Magnesium functions intracellular lay by

A

Linking oxygen atoms to phosphate groups that assist in the transfer of ATP

65
Q

Which metal is associated with glutathione per oxidase

A

Selenium

66
Q

List major minerals

A

Ca, Mg, Ph, Su

67
Q

Lab values that are low in iron deficiency anemia

A

Ferritin & transferrin

68
Q

Which mineral is associated with glycosyl transferase

A

Manganese

Biochem 2 (3 decks)

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