Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

PSYC 1101 Exam 3 > EXAM 3 > Flashcards

EXAM 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What are circadian rhythms? What regulates them? How?

A

Biological cycles over 24 hours regulated by the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), which responds to light and affects melatonin production.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What does an EEG measure?

A

Electrical activity in the cortex via scalp electrodes to monitor sleep stages.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How long is a general sleep cycle?

A

~90 minutes, repeating through NREM-1, NREM-2, NREM-3 (deep), REM.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the characteristics of NREM sleep?

A

Slow-wave sleep, body repairs, less vivid dreams.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the characteristics of REM sleep?

A

Vivid dreams, increased brain activity, body is paralyzed.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How do our sleep cycles change throughout the night?

A

More NREM-3 early in the night, more REM and NREM-2 later.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is insomnia?

A

Trouble falling/staying asleep (≥3 nights/week, 3+ months).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is narcolepsy?

A

Sudden sleep, cataplexy, REM intrusion.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is circadian rhythm disorder?

A

Delayed sleep timing.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is hypersomnolence?

A

Excessive sleepiness.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How does sleep contribute to growth and maintenance?

A

Sleep triggers growth hormone release, immune function improvement, neural repair.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How is sleep related to memory?
(before and after)

A

Sleep before learning enhances encoding; after learning supports memory consolidation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What was Freud’s interpretation of dreams?

A

Dreams symbolically express unconscious desires (latent content hidden beneath manifest content).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the general content characteristics of REM dreams?

A

Bizarre and emotional.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the general content characteristics of NREM dreams?

A

More realistic, often reflecting emotional concerns, 80% include negative content.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the neurological components of emotion?

A

Limbic system: Amygdala (emotion), hippocampus (memory). Cortical areas: Prefrontal cortex, ACC, insula (decision-making, empathy). Autonomic system: Fight-or-flight (epinephrine). Endocrine system: Cortisol via the HPA axis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the six universally recognized emotions?

A
  • Happiness
  • Surprise
  • Sadness
  • Fear
  • Anger
  • Disgust
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

How are emotions evolutionarily adaptive?

A

Darwin argued emotions helped survival, e.g., disgust protects from disease, fear prepares for danger.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the three phases of Selye’s General Adaptation Syndrome?

A
  • Alarm
  • Resistance
  • Exhaustion
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is problem-focused coping?

A

Dealing with the stressor directly.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is emotion-focused coping?

A

Managing emotional response.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is acute stress?

A

Short term.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is chronic stress?

A

Ongoing, harmful.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the HPA axis?

A

Hypothalamus → Pituitary → Adrenal glands → Cortisol.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
How does chronic stress affect the immune system?
Suppresses the immune system.
26
How does chronic stress affect cardiovascular health?
Increases risk of cardiovascular disease.
27
What is the relationship between chronic stress and social status?
Lower SES = higher chronic stress, worse health.
28
What were the results of the Dutch Hunger Winter study?
Prenatal famine exposure increased adult risk of disease (epigenetic effects of stress).
29
What is Maslow's hierarchy of needs?
* Basic needs * Safety * Belonging * Esteem * Self-actualization
30
What conditions are essential for positive growth according to Carl Rogers?
* Genuineness * Empathy * Unconditional positive regard
31
What is an internal locus of control?
You control your fate.
32
What is an external locus of control?
Fate/chance controls your life.
33
What is learned helplessness?
Repeated failure or lack of control leads to passive resignation.
34
What is the long-term happiness set-point?
Long-term happiness is stable despite major life events.
35
Does money buy happiness?
Money increases happiness up to a threshold; beyond that, returns diminish.
36
What is relative deprivation?
Feeling worse when comparing yourself to others.
37
What is the hedonic treadmill?
Adaptation to good/bad events reduces their long-term impact.
38
What are the effects of meditation and mindfulness on well-being?
Boosts mood, reduces anxiety, protects against depression.
39
What is infant-directed speech (IDS)?
Caregiver’s communications with infants is higher pitch and melodic.
40
What are the four melodies of IDS?
* Approval * Prohibiting * Comfort * Attention
41
What are semantic networks?
Words that have strong associative or semantic relations form larger networks of knowledge.
42
How does age of acquisition impact bilingual brains?
Early learners use the left hemisphere; late learners use both.
43
What specific areas of the brain are involved in language?
Left hemisphere: Broca’s area (language production), Wernicke’s area (language comprehension).
44
What is aphasia?
Impaired language skills.
45
What is Broca's aphasia?
Impaired language production due to damage to Broca’s area.
46
What is Wernicke's aphasia?
Impaired language comprehension due to damage of Wernicke’s area.
47
What is crystallized intelligence?
Knowledge from experience, stays stable/increases with age.
48
What is fluid intelligence?
Problem-solving, declines with age.
49
What is the WAIS?
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, a test for measuring intelligence.
50
What is the mean score of IQ distribution?
Mean = 100.
51
What is the standard deviation of IQ scores?
SD = 15.
52
What percentage of the population scores between 85 and 115 on IQ tests?
68%.
53
What does intelligence predict?
Job success, income, academic & military performance, longevity.
54
What do twin and adoption studies tell us about intelligence?
Both genetics and environment play a role.
55
Who proposed the theory of multiple intelligences?
Howard Gardner.
56
What are the Big Five traits?
* Openness * Conscientiousness * Extraversion * Agreeableness * Neuroticism
57
What is the fundamental attribution error?
Overemphasizing personality, underestimating situation.
58
What was the outcome of Milgram's study on obedience?
65% obeyed orders to deliver dangerous shocks due to authority pressure.
59
What situational factors contribute to obedience rates?
* Perceived authority * Diffusion of responsibility * No alternative models
60
What psychological factors contributed to the cruelty of guards in the Stanford prison study?
* Obedience * Group conformity * Depersonalization * Deindividuation
61
What is comorbidity?
Having multiple disorders at once.
62
What is the DSM-5-TR?
Diagnostic manual for mental disorders.
63
What is the diagnostic criteria for Specific Phobia?
Persistent irrational fear, 6+ months.
64
What is the diagnostic criteria for Social Anxiety Disorder?
Fear of being judged; avoids social situations.
65
What is the diagnostic criteria for Generalized Anxiety Disorder?
Excessive worry, ≥6 months, no clear trigger.
66
What are the symptoms of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder?
Obsessions (thoughts) + compulsions (rituals).
67
What are the symptoms of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder?
Trauma-related; intrusive memories, avoidance, mood changes, hyperarousal. Lasts >1 month.
68
What are the symptoms of Major Depressive Disorder?
Depressed mood or anhedonia + 4 other symptoms, ≥2 weeks.
69
What are the differences between Bipolar Disorder I and II?
Bipolar I: Full mania + depression; Bipolar II: Hypomania + depression.
70
What are the symptoms of Schizophrenia?
* Disorganized speech * Delusions (e.g., persecutory) * Hallucinations (mainly auditory) * Catatonia * Negative symptoms (flat affect, avolition)

PSYC 1101 Exam 3 (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions