exam 3 Flashcards
what are the 4 classes of horse nutrient requirements and what are their typical intakes (per day)?
- maintenance: 1.5 - 2.5% BW
- performance: 1.0 - 2.0% BW
- breeding: 1.5 - 3.0% BW
- growth: 1.0 - 2.0% BW
what is a mare?
a sexually mature female horse
what is a stallion?
a sexually mature male horse
what is a gelding?
a mature castrated male horse
what is a filly?
a young female horse
what is a colt?
a young male horse
what does it mean if a horse is an “easy keeper”?
easily keeps and gains weight
what does it mean if a horse is a “hard keeper”?
it is hard for them to gain and keep weight on, and they have a difficulty maintaining proper BSC
what is a concentrate?
mixtures of cereals, grains, minerals/vitamins used to supplement a horse’s diet to meet nutrient requirements
what is a complete feed?
feed that contains both the forage and concentrate portions of a diet that is formulated/fortified to meet an animal’s nutrient requirements
- designed to be fed alone
how much forage should horses consume daily?
1.5 - 2.0% of their BW
when creating/balancing rations, we balance ______ first.
forage
horses may consume up to ____% of their BW in grain/meal.
0.5%
how much forage is typically in a horses diet?
1.5% (1.0% minimum)
what is the biggest limitation of all forage options for horses?
forages vary regionally by quantity and quality
equine water requirements vary with losses due to what?
- heat stress
- sweat
- lactation
why does increasing forage within a horse’s diet increase their water intake?
increasing DM intake = increase in saliva production = increase in voluntary water intake
what deficiency causes organ and muscle atrophy?
energy deficiency
what deficiency causes poor hair and hoof quality?
protein deficiency
what deficiency causes big head disease?
mineral deficiency
what deficiency causes ER or “typing up” disease?
water and electrolyte deficiencies
what kind of feedstuff/diet would benefit a senior horse with poor dental health?
a complete feed
- high in concentrates, low in forages
what kind of feedstuff/diet would benefit a pro-rodeo stallion?
a high energy concentrate
what kind of feedstuff/diet would benefit a horse diagnosed with metabolic disease?
a low calorie ration balancer
what kind of feedstuff/diet would benefit a horse with chronic diarrhea?
a high forage diet with little concentrate
when should you increase/decrease the energy density of a horse’s ration?
environmental temps, life stage, and activity level
what are the three different types of bacteria and what do they digest? (equine)
- cellulolytic: breaks down complex polysaccharides (cellulose)
- amylolytic: breaks down starches
- proteolytic: breaks down proteins
horses = _________ animals
other livestock = _________ animals
performance; production
what is the ideal BCS for an average horse?
5 to 6
what is the average BCS for a thoroughbred?
4
what is the average BCS for draft horses and seasoned broodmares?
7
explain refeeding syndrome
forages increase ____ production due to the breakdown of its ____ bonds.
heat; beta
grains are _____ _____ ____ _____ than forages and do not produce as much _____.
more easily broken down; heat
what kind of bonds do grains have?
alpha bonds
