Exam 3

Question 1

Microevolution

Answer 1

Change in the frequency of alleles in a population
over generation

Question 2

Macroevolution

Answer 2

The descent of different species from a shared ancestor over many generations

Question 3

Population

Answer 3

Divides organisms by where they live

Question 4

Fossil

Answer 4

A trace 아 an animal or plant of a past geological age that has been preserved in the Earth’s crust.

Question 5

3 main lines of evidence for evolution

Answer 5

1. Biogeography and fossils
2. Anatomy and embryology
   3, Molecular Biology

Question 6

Homologous structure

Answer 6

Organs or skeletal elements of animals and organisms that suggest a common ancestor

Question 7

Analogous structure

Answer 7

Biological structures that serve the same purpose but evolve independently in different species

Question 8

Genetic Drift

Answer 8

1. Caused by chance and random mating
2. Stronger effects when populations are smaller

Question 9

Sexual Selection

Answer 9

Acts on an organism’s ability to obtain or successfully copulate with a mate

Question 10

Mutations

Answer 10

Happen randomly and form NEW alleles

Question 11

Migration (Gene Flow)

Answer 11

1. Transfer of genetic material from one population to another
2. Involves migration then integration into the population

Question 12

Types of Mutations

Answer 12

1. Appearance
2. Behaviour
3. Physiology

Question 13

Natural Selection

Answer 13

Organisms more adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce

Question 14

4 conditions of Natural Selection

Answer 14

1. Variation
2. Differential fitness
3. Struggle for existence
4. Overproduction of offspring

Question 15

Common Ancestry

Answer 15

An ancestral group of organismsn that is shared by multiple lineages

Question 16

Descent with modification

Answer 16

The passing on of traits from parent organisms to their offspring

Question 17

Alleles

Answer 17

Different version of a gene

Question 18

Genotype

Answer 18

Complete set of genetic material

Question 19

Phenotype

Answer 19

Observable and measurable characteristics of an organism

Question 20

Sickle Cell Anemia

Answer 20

Mutation that caused the hemoglobin in our bodies to clump

Question 21

Biological Fitness

Answer 21

The capacity of an organism to survive and reproduce in a given environment

Question 22

Urban Evolution

Answer 22

The genetic changes of populations in response to urban development

Question 23

Artificial Selection or Selective Breeding

Answer 23

Choosing parents with particular characteristics to breed together and produce offspring with more desireable characteristics

Question 24

6 Misconceptions of evolution

Answer 24

1. Evolution is just a theory
2. Individuals evolve
3. Evolution explains the origin of life
4. Organisms evolve on purpose
5. Evolution is controversial among scientists
6. Other theories should be taught

Question 25

Mammal

Answer 25

Vertebrate animal (Us)

Question 26

2 characteristics of mammals

Answer 26

Mammary glands and Hair

Question 27

Primate

Answer 27

Group of mammals that include monkeys, apes, and humans

Question 28

4 Characteristics of Primates

Answer 28

1. Eyes that are in front of the face 2. Opposable thumbs 3. Well developed brain 4. Mostly omnivorous (eat meat and plants)

Question 29

Hominid

Answer 29

Family of erect, bipedal, primate mammals

Question 30

Hominin

Answer 30

Any member of the zoological "tribe" Hominini where only one species exists... us aka Homo sapiens

Question 31

4 main branches of humans

Answer 31

Homo Ardipithecus Paranthropos Australopithecus

Question 32

Homo (genus)

Answer 32

A genus of great apes that include modern humans

Question 33

Foramen Magnum

Answer 33

Hole on bottom of skull Spinal cord enters Vertebrae attach to the skull

Question 34

Brow Ridge

Answer 34

Supraorbital ridge

Question 35

Frontal Cortex

Answer 35

Front of the head Helps cognitive function like decision making, problem solving , thought, and attention

Question 36

Cheek bone or zygomatic arch

Answer 36

skulls changed as the size of jaw and jaw muscles decreased due to change in diet

Question 37

Biodiversity

Answer 37

the variety and variability of organism

Question 38

3 types of biodiversity

Answer 38

1. Genetic diversity 2. Species diversity 3. Ecosystems diversity

Question 39

Phylogenetic Tree

Answer 39

The evolutionary history of a species or group of related species

Question 40

Derived trait

Answer 40

Characteristics that have evolved in a particular lineage and aren't present in ancestral species

Question 41

Ancestral trait

Answer 41

A primitive or ancestral character, trait, or feature

Question 42

Chlorophyll

Answer 42

A green pigment that absorbs light in the chloroplast

Question 43

Chloroplast

Answer 43

Absorbs light

Question 44

Stomata

Answer 44

Proves that open and close to allow gases in and out

Question 45

Xylem

Answer 45

Transports minerals in a single direction Dead cells

Question 46

Phloem

Answer 46

Transport sugars and hormones up and down Living cells

Question 47

Spores

Answer 47

Reproductive cell capable of developing into a new individual without fusion with another reproductive cell.

Question 48

Pollen

Answer 48

Fine dust in male parts of plants

Question 49

Seeds

Answer 49

The grains or ripened ovules of plants

Question 50

Flowers

Answer 50

Reproductive part of flowing plants

Question 51

4 classifications of plants

Answer 51

1. Become terrestrial 2. Vascularization 3. Pollen and Seeds 4. Flowers