Exam 3 Flashcards
What is developmental psychology?
The study of the changes to body, mind, and interpersonal interaction across the life span.
What are the ‘BIG’ questions in developmental psychology?
- Stability versus Change
- Stage Development versus Continuous Development
- Nature versus Nurture
- Cultural influences
What are teratogens?
Agents that can cause malformation or harm during prenatal development.
What is the sensory ability of newborns regarding vision?
Very under-developed; can see what’s right in front of them and have a preference for faces.
What happens to brain weight in the first 3 years of life?
The brain triples in weight.
What are Piaget’s 4 stages of cognitive development?
- Sensorimotor
- Preoperational
- Concrete operational
- Formal operational
What are the types of attachment in attachment theory?
- Secure attachment
- Insecure-avoidant attachment
- Insecure-resistant attachment
- Disorganized attachment
What is authoritarian parenting style?
An approach to parenting where parents require children to obey strict rules.
What is permissive parenting style?
An approach to parenting where parents place minimal demands and allow children to run their own lives.
What is authoritative parenting style?
An approach to parenting where parents set rules but also explain and negotiate those rules with their children.
What defines the new stage of emerging adulthood?
A developmental stage from ~18 to 29 years of age characterized by identity exploration and self-focus.
What are the three stages of Kohlberg’s Moral Development?
- Preconventional
- Conventional
- Postconventional
What is Erikson’s stage of ‘Identity vs. role confusion’?
A psychosocial stage occurring during adolescence.
What is the life expectancy in the US?
Approximately 78 years.
What is personality?
A person’s distinctive and stable way of thinking, feeling, and behaving.
What is the focus of trait theory?
What personality traits are present rather than why they exist.
What is the OCEAN acronym in trait theory?
- Openness
- Conscientiousness
- Extraversion
- Agreeableness
- Neuroticism
What is cognitive dissonance?
Conflict between attitude and behavior that creates a need to change one or the other.
What is the bystander effect?
The phenomenon where individuals are less likely to help a victim when others are present.
What are the influences on prejudice?
- Ingroup favoritism
- Outgroup homogeneity
What are some ways to combat prejudice?
- Intergroup contact
- Common group identity
- Education
- Jigsaw classroom
What are the biological influences on aggression?
Genetics, brain structure, and hormonal influences.
What is altruism?
Selfless concern for the well-being of others.
Fill in the blank: Personality is determined by _____ genetics.
about 50%
