exam 3

Question 1

modern view of health

Answer 1

recent trend of incorporating holistic elements into more traditional views of health

Question 2

exercise as medicine view

Answer 2

can improve mental health, quality of life, and well-being

Question 3

a good life involves

Answer 3

having the capacity to pursue the goods that one has good reasons to value

Question 4

self- determination theory

Answer 4

competence, autonomy, relatedness

Question 5

capabilities approach

Answer 5

1) autonomy to achieve well-being is primary moral importance
2) well-being should be understood in terms of people’s capabilities and functionings

Question 6

exercise & autonomy: children

Answer 6

increases self esteem and cognitive capacities

Question 7

exercise & autonomy: young adults

Answer 7

helps develop life skills, improve health, and strengthen social networks

Question 8

exercise & autonomy: older adults

Answer 8

independence, health, and social relationships

Question 9

autonomy etymological analysis

Answer 9

“auto” self
“nomos” rule or law

Question 10

heteronomy

Answer 10

state of being ruled or under the sway of another

Question 11

autonomy common conception

Answer 11

self-governing behavior that promotes independence

Question 12

autonomy relational conception

Answer 12

the result of the interaction between the individual and its context

Question 13

autonomy definition

Answer 13

self-governing behavior that is free from both controlling interferences by others and from certain limitations such as lack of rational judgement

Question 14

autonomy similar definition

Answer 14

the capacity to be one’s own person, to live one’s life according to reasons and motives that are taken as one’s own and not the product of manipulative or distorting external forces

Question 15

most widespread view of autonomy

Answer 15

defines the autonomous individual as one who does as one pleases
“self-sufficiency”
“standing on one’s own two feet”

Question 16

east vs west

Answer 16

east- your life is part of a whole (collectivism)
west- one’s life belongs to oneself (individualism)

Question 17

3 conditions for an action/plan to be autonomous

Answer 17

1) voluntarily chosen
2) without controlling influences (ext. factors)
3) with understanding (comprehension of risk vs reward)

Question 18

individuals ___ autonomy by removing what ____ allow them to make their choices

Answer 18

gain, does not

Question 19

individuals gain internal autonomy by enhancing their ____ capabilities

Answer 19

decision-making

Question 20

examples of external aspects

Answer 20

socioeconomic conditions, environmental threats, other people’s choices

Question 21

examples of internal aspects

Answer 21

movement, read and think critically, understand one’s situation

Question 22

freedom from interference and understanding

Answer 22

nobody is fully autonomous from interference
nobody is fully capable of understanding everything

Question 23

autonomy results from balancing…

Answer 23

external influences and internal capacities for action

Question 24

There is no contradiction between exercising autonomy and subjecting oneself to an authority because

Answer 24

in principle, there is nothing wrong with following a medical authority or accepting govt intervention

Question 25

autonomous conflict arises when:

Answer 25

individual autonomy is completely negated individuals don't enjoy a substantial degree of autonomy

Question 26

what does respect mean for autonomy

Answer 26

acknowledging persons' values and decision-making rights and enabling them to act autonomously

Question 27

two types of obligations:

Answer 27

negative: autonomous individuals should not be subjected to controlling constraints by others positive: we must foster autonomous decision-making

Question 28

instrumental model

Answer 28

prescribe option that best serves the health professional's interests patient values are completely irrelevant patients are a means to the healthcare professional's ends

Question 29

paternalistic model

Answer 29

healthcare professionals use their skills to identify best medical treatment and restore them to health healthcare prof provide info and try to convince patients to undergo it patients still make choice, but are expected to follow advice

Question 30

paternalism criticism

Answer 30

justified when patient unresponsive other than this hardly justifiable

Question 31

informative model

Answer 31

healthcare professionals provide patients with all relevant information patients select best intervention for them informed consent key provide info & perform interventions

Question 32

informative model criticism

Answer 32

healthcare professionals lack a caring approach don't consider patient's particular contexts patients are expected to know their preferences well and be fully capable of deciding what is best giving financial transaction

Question 33

interpretive model

Answer 33

healthcare professionals examine both health and lifestyle they interpret/contextualize different options patient ultimately decides healthcare profs do not question

Question 34

interpretive model criticism

Answer 34

technical specialization prevents professionals from developing all skills necessary limited time healthcare professionals might impose their values on patients could turn into paternalism

Question 35

deliberative model

Answer 35

healthcare professionals discuss w patients the best course of action to take together evaluate options and choose patients given options and opportunity to critically evaluate them w an expert

Question 36

deliberative model criticisim

Answer 36

misconstrues the prof-patient relationship not all treatments depend on patient values patients seek healthcare not moral deliberation or advice could turn into paternalism

Question 37

lowest to highest degree of autonomy

Answer 37

instrumental paternalism informative interpretive deliberative