exam 3 Flashcards
What are the benefits of vaccination?
Active immunization (injecting antigen)
passive immunization
What diagnostic tool is used to determine a patient’s blood type
agglutination
Know the examples of passive immunization.
protective
breastfeeding
injection
antitoxins
What is herd immunity? Does it work for noncontagious?
large portion of population is immunized
does not work for non contagious
Does herd immunity work for contagious diseases?
yes
Know the four basic types of vaccines.
DNA or RNA
acellular
life (mmr)
inactivated (rabies)
Be familiar with the sandwich ELISA technique. What is an enzyme-linked (conjugated) detection antibody?
direct indirect and sandwhich
causes something to change color
what diseases are caused by Streptococcus pyogenes and its virulence factors
necrotizing facilitates
sequelae
m protien
Is it rod shaped (bacillus) or round (coccus). Does it grow in chains?
coccus and grow in chains
What is the only viral disease that has been eradicated and is considered a potential bioterrorism threat?
smallpox
no treatment
What virulence factor does S. aureus make that allows it to produce an abscess and hide from the immune system?
coagulase, streptoxin, TSST
What is the best treatment for necrotizing fasciitis?
remove tissue and amputate
What are dermatophytes.
human skin molds
What are the three main dermatophytes.
microsporum
tricophyton
epidermophyton
What kind of environment do they “like”. What diseases do they cause?
cold and moist
Know the relationship between chickenpox and shingles.
varicella zoster virus
What is the main route by which smallpox chickenpox and measles transmitted?
airborne and direct conttact
inhaling infectious skin particles
What is the main route by which HPV is transmitted?
direct contact
Koplik spots are characteristic of what disease?
measels (white spots)
What types of infections does Staphylococcus aureus cause?
folliculitis, boils, furruncle, MRSA
What is the best antibiotic treatment option for an MRSA infection?
vacomyocin
What are the signs and symptoms of herpes type 1 and 2 infections? Can these infections reoccur?
cold sores and genital herpes
no vaccine and cn come back
What are the signs and symptoms of pyelonephritis? How is it often acquired? How is it treated?
kidney infection (oliguria and costovertebral tenderness)
acquired in the hospital (bacterial)
treated with antibiotics
Infection with what type of virus can increase the risk of cervical cancer?
hpv
In what type of sexually transmitted bacteria infection are women usually asymptomatic and thus serve as a reservoir?
neissaria and gonorrhiea
What type of cells are infected by the HIV virus? How is AIDS clinically defined?
cd4 or helper t cells
t cells less than 200
Why are UTIs a serious health concern and should be treated promptly?
it can spread to kidney and be life threatning
What type of organism causes trichomoniasis?
vaginalis; swimming creature
Why are women more prone to urinary tract infections than men?
women have a shorter urethra than men so they are more likely to get an infection
What are the signs and symptoms of candidiasis (vaginal yeast infection)?
itching, dysuria, painful urination, discharge
Know which sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are caused by bacteria and which are caused by viruses
Bacteria: UTI
Virus: HPV, HSV, HIV
symptoms of chicken pox
rash
itchy
red blood filled blisters
symptoms of shingles
buring
tingling
shooting pain
