Exam 3 Flashcards
Alimentary tract
mouth -> pharynx -> esophagus -> stomach -> SI ->LI -> rectum -> anus
Mouth
teeth, tongue, salivary glands, mastication, amylase, vissebrae
Esophagus
4-5 feet long, enters stomach at oblique angle, can’t regurgitate, left side of neck
Stomach
U shaped, muscular sac, only 10% of digestive tract capacity, food gone within two hours, moves on to SI, gastric juice
Gastric Ulcers
upper half - squamous, lower half - glandular, secretes acid - causes ulcers if stomach is empty
Small Intestine
Duodenum, jejunum, ileum; protein digestion & AA absorption, CHO & fat digestion & absorption; 70 feet long, 2 inch diameter, 12 gallons, site of parasites
Large Intestine
cecum, large colon, small colon, rectum, anus
Cecum
up to 9 gal & 4 ft long, usually only half full, primary site of water absorption, contents always liquid
Large colon
12 ft long, 10-12 inch diameter, 20 gallon capacity, 20 gallon capacity, extends from cecum to small colon, usually distended with food, bacterial action
Small colon
10 ft long, 4 in diameter, extends from large colon to rectum, contents more solid, formation of fecal balls, moisture reabsorbed
Rectum & anus
rectum 12 in long, small colon to anus, anus is end of GI
5 primary sources of nutrients
carbohydrates, fats, protein, mineral & vitamins, water
Feeds
roughages, concentrates, supplements
Roughages
pasture & hay, soilage; grass & hay legumes; 15-20 lbs per day OR 60% of time grazing on pasture; usually processed in bales, cubes and pellets (may cause choke if not treated properly/soaked)
Concentrates
grain & grain by-products
Supplements
used to balance rations, make up for deficiencies in protein, minerals and vitamins
Legumes
alfalfa and various clovers; more palatable than grass, high in protein/Ca/Vitamin A content, good for broodmares/growing horses/finicky eaters, slightly more laxative
