Exam 3

Question 1

Waves

Answer 1

Disturbances caused by the movement of energy through a medium

Question 3

Mass flow of ocean water is driven by

Answer 3

Wind and gravity

Question 4

Current

Answer 4

Mass flow of water

Question 5

Ocean current

Answer 5

The horizontal drift of ships and the vertical movement of cold water towards the oceans surface

Question 6

Surface current

Answer 6

Wind driven movements of water at or near the oceans surfaces

Question 7

Gyre

Answer 7

Large surface currents that move in circular circuits

Question 8

Thermohaline currents

Answer 8

Slow deep currents that affect the vast bulk of seawater beneath the pycnocline

Question 9

Pycnocline

Answer 9

The zone of rapid density change

Question 11

Winds that drive ocean surface currents

Answer 11

Westerlies and trade winds

Question 12

Percentage of water in surface currents

Answer 12

10 percent.

Question 13

Four forces that circulate the ocean surface

Answer 13

Surface winds
Suns heat
Coriolis effect
Gravity

Question 14

Direction of the gyres

Answer 14

Clockwise in the northern hemisphere
Counterclockwise in the southern hemisphere

Question 15

Gyres subdivision

Answer 15

• North Atlantic current
• canary current
• Gulf Stream
  -north equatorial current

Question 16

Thermocline

Answer 16

Rapid change in temperature with depth

Question 17

Geostrophic Gyres

Answer 17

Gyres in balance with pressure gradient and coriolis effect.

Of the 6great currents only 5 are geostrophic gyres

Question 18

5 geostrophic gyres

Answer 18

North Atlantic
South Atlantic
North Pacific
South Pacific
Indian

Question 19

Antarctic Circumpolar current (west wind drift)

Answer 19

Not a gyre
Greatest surface current
Transports more water than other current and nonstop west to east from the drake passage

Question 20

Western boundary currents

Answer 20

Warm, narrow, fast and deep currents

Question 21

Eastern boundary currents

Answer 21

Cold broad, shallow, slower and not well defined

Question 22

Western boundary ex

Answer 22

-Gulf Stream
- japan
-Brazil
Eastern Australian
Agulhas

Question 23

Eastern boundary current ex

Answer 23

• canary
• Benguela
  California
  West Australian
  Peru

Question 24

Upwelling

Answer 24

Is the upward motion of water. Brings cold nutrient rich water and high surface productivity

Question 25

Downwelling

Answer 25

Is the downward motion of water. Supplies deeper ocean with dissolved gasses. Surface productivity is low.

Question 26

Equatorial upwelling

Answer 26

Due to surface divergence

Question 27

El Niño

Answer 27

Caused by southern oscillation. A southward flowing nutrient poor current warm water off the western South America caused by break down of trade wind circulation

Question 28

La Niña

Answer 28

Normal conditions of oceanic circulation

Question 29

Five comments water masses

Answer 29

Surface water Central water Intermediate water Deep water Bottom water

Question 30

Isopycnal

Answer 30

Lines equal density. Temp is up dense is down. Salinity is up. Density is up.

Question 31

Cabling

Answer 31

Water of the same density mixes and sinks. (Increases density)

Question 32

Chemical tracers

Answer 32

Tritium Chlorofluorocarbons

Question 34

Orbits

Answer 34

Transfer of energy from water particles in circular paths, which transmits wave energy

Question 35

Factors that affects tides

Answer 35

-continents - distance -seafloor topography