Exam 3 Flashcards
What is stable angina?
Chest pain that occurs with activities and stops at rest.
What is unstable angina?
Chest pain that occurs without activities and does not stop at rest.
What are the common symptoms of angina?
- Left arm pain
- Back pain
- Neck pain
- Jaw pain
- Chest pressure
- Shortness of breath
- Fatigue
- Nausea/vomiting
- Diaphoresis
- Weakness
- Syncope
- Epigastric pain
Define atherosclerosis.
Build-up of LDL (plaque) in the arterial wall.
What are the lifestyle changes recommended for atherosclerosis management?
- Diet (low fat, low cholesterol, fish, beans, egg whites, cottage cheese, oats, brown rice)
- Smoking cessation
- Exercise
What defines Bipolar 1 disorder?
Client currently experiencing a manic episode or has a history of one or more episodes, may also experience some depression.
What is Bipolar 2 disorder?
Major depression with occurrence of hypomania, has never met criteria for a full manic episode.
What is cyclothymic bipolar disorder?
At least 2 years involving numerous periods of elevated mood that do not meet criteria for hypomanic episodes, with numerous periods of depression.
What are the interventions for manic episodes in bipolar disorder?
- Reduce stimuli
- Remove hazardous substances/objects
- Administer antipsychotics
- Provide high-calorie finger foods
- Structure the environment
What are the blood pressure parameters for normal BP?
Less than 120 mmHg systolic and less than 80 mmHg diastolic.
What defines coronary artery disease?
Starts when an artery is damaged, leading to plaque build-up that narrows the artery.
What are common tests to diagnose coronary artery disease?
- Lipid profile
- Cholesterol levels
- EKG
- Exercise tolerance test
- Thallium MUGA scan
- Coronary angiography
What is the gold standard for diagnosing myocardial infarction?
ECG/EKG.
What chronic condition is characterized by stomach contents flowing back into the esophagus?
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).
What are the signs and symptoms of GERD?
- Heartburn
- Regurgitation of acid
- Chest pain
- Weight loss
- Dysphagia
- Hematemesis
- Melena
What are the first-line medications for generalized anxiety disorder?
SSRIs.
What are the stages of hypertension?
- Normal: <120/<80 mmHg
- Elevated: 120-129/<80 mmHg
- Stage 1: 130-139/80-89 mmHg
- Stage 2: >140/>90 mmHg
- Hypertensive crisis: >180/>120 mmHg
What is defined as the presence of obsessions, compulsions, or both that cause distress?
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD).
What are common signs and symptoms of panic attacks?
- Sweating
- Trembling
- Dizziness
- Palpitations
- Shortness of breath
- Chest pain
- Increased heart rate
- Paresthesia
What is peptic ulcer disease?
Ulcer formation in the upper GI tract affecting the lining of the stomach, duodenum, or lower esophagus.
What are the dietary recommendations for peptic ulcer disease?
- Avoid caffeine
- Avoid spices
- Avoid alcohol
- Encourage 6 small meals daily
- Avoid eating 2 hours before bed
What is the definition of peripheral artery disease (PAD)?
Obstruction of blood flow through large peripheral arteries causing partial or total arterial occlusion.
What are the signs and symptoms of right-sided heart failure?
- Enlarged liver (hepatomegaly)
- Jugular vein distension (JVD)
- Dependent edema
- Ascites
- Polyuria at night
What are common symptoms of ulcerative colitis?
- Diarrhea
- Bloody stools
- Pain in the left lower quadrant (LLQ)
- Fever
- Weight loss
What is celiac disease?
An autoimmune disorder that damages the small intestine due to gluten consumption.
What are the common symptoms of celiac disease?
- Diarrhea (foul smelling, frothy)
- Weight loss
- Fatigue
- Severe anemia
- Dental issues
What is the recommended diet for those with diverticulitis?
- Increase fiber and fluids when not in an episode
- Avoid fiber during an episode
- Avoid seeds and processed foods
What is the definition of generalized anxiety disorder?
Characterized by chronic, unrealistic, and excessive anxiety and worry.
What are the common symptoms of left-sided heart failure?
- Shortness of breath
- Orthopnea
- Crackles on auscultation
- Pale appearance
- Weak pulses
- Cool extremities
- Fatigue
