Exam 3 Flashcards
Mollusks, arthopods, enchinoderms, cordates and jawless fish, and jawed fish
1
Q
What are Chromataphores?
A
color changing pigments in cephalopods that expand or retract to change color
2
Q
What are the three main classes of mollusks?
A
Gastropods, bivalves, and cephalopods.
3
Q
True or False: All arthropods have exoskeletons.
A
True.
4
Q
Fill in the blank: Echinoderms are characterized by their ______ symmetry.
A
radial.
5
Q
What is the primary characteristic of chordates?
A
The presence of a notochord at some stage of development.
6
Q
Which group of fish lack jaws?
A
Jawless fish.
7
Q
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a type of jawed fish? A) Sharks B) Rays C) Lampreys D) Salmon
A
C) Lampreys.
8
Q
What is the main function of the mantle in mollusks?
A
To produce the shell and assist in respiration.
9
Q
True or False: All arthropods undergo metamorphosis.
A
False.
10
Q
Fill in the blank: The water vascular system is a unique feature of ______.
A
echinoderms.
11
Q
What are the main body segments of arthropods?
A
Head, thorax, and abdomen.
12
Q
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a characteristic of cephalopods? A) They have a closed circulatory system B) They have shells C) They are primarily terrestrial D) They are filter feeders
A
A) They have a closed circulatory system.
13
Q
What is a unique feature of jawless fish?
A
They have a cartilaginous structure instead of a jaw.
14
Q
True or False: Mollusks have a true coelom.
A
True.
15
Q
Fill in the blank: The largest group of arthropods is the ______.
A
insects.
16
Q
What is the primary respiratory structure of most mollusks?
A
Gills.
17
Q
Multiple Choice: Which organism is an example of an echinoderm? A) Octopus B) Starfish C) Crab D) Squid
A
B) Starfish.
18
Q
What type of symmetry do echinoderms exhibit in adulthood?
A
Pentaradial symmetry.
19
Q
True or False: All chordates are vertebrates.
A
False.
20
Q
Fill in the blank: The notochord in chordates becomes the ______ in vertebrates.
A
vertebral column.
21
Q
What are the major classes of jawed fish?
A
Chondrichthyes and Osteichthyes.
22
Q
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a feature of bivalves? A) They have a single shell B) They are filter feeders C) They have tentacles D) They are primarily terrestrial
A
B) They are filter feeders.
23
Q
What is the primary lifestyle of most mollusks?
A
Aquatic, though some are terrestrial.
24
Q
True or False: Arthropods have segmented bodies.
A
True.
25
Fill in the blank: The exoskeleton of arthropods is made of ______.
chitin.
26
What is the main feeding structure of cephalopods?
Beak.
27
Multiple Choice: Which type of fish are typically characterized by having a skeleton made of cartilage? A) Bony fish B) Jawless fish C) Cartilaginous fish D) Both A and B
C) Cartilaginous fish.
28
What is the role of tube feet in echinoderms?
Locomotion and feeding.
29
True or False: All mollusks have a shell.
False.
30
Fill in the blank: The class of fish known for having a swim bladder is the ______.
Osteichthyes.
31
What type of circulatory system do most mollusks have?
Open circulatory system.
32
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a characteristic of jawless fish? A) They have paired fins B) They lack scales C) They have a bony skeleton D) They have jaws
B) They lack scales.
33
What is the primary function of gills in aquatic organisms?
Gas exchange.
34
True or False: Echinoderms can regenerate lost limbs.
True.
35
Fill in the blank: The largest group of living vertebrates are ______.
bony fish.
36
What is the defining characteristic of cephalopods?
Their highly developed nervous system and complex behavior.
37
Multiple Choice: Which of the following organisms is NOT an arthropod? A) Spider B) Lobster C) Earthworm D) Insect
C) Earthworm.
38
What type of reproduction is common in many mollusks?
Both sexual and asexual reproduction.
39
True or False: All echinoderms are marine organisms.
True.
40
Fill in the blank: The body plan of chordates typically includes a ______, a dorsal nerve cord, and pharyngeal slits.
notochord.
41
What is the primary role of the circulatory system in arthropods?
Transporting nutrients and waste.
42
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is an adaptation for life in water in fish? A) Lungs B) Gills C) Scales D) Both B and C
D) Both B and C.
43
What is the term for the process by which arthropods shed their exoskeleton?
Molting.
44
True or False: Jawed fish are more advanced than jawless fish.
True.
45
Fill in the blank: The class of echinoderms that includes sea urchins is called ______.
Echinoidea.
46
What is a key distinguishing feature of bivalves?
Two-part hinged shell.
47
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a characteristic of chordates? A) Presence of a notochord B) Presence of a dorsal nerve cord C) Pharyngeal slits D) All of the above
D) All of the above.
48
What is the ecological role of mollusks in aquatic environments?
They serve as both grazers and prey for other animals.
49
True or False: Arthropods are the most diverse group of animals on Earth.
True.
50
Fill in the blank: Cartilaginous fish include sharks and ______.
rays.
51
What type of habitat do most bivalves inhabit?
Aquatic environments, primarily marine.
52
Multiple Choice: Which class of mollusks is known for their intelligence? A) Gastropods B) Bivalves C) Cephalopods D) Polyplacophorans
C) Cephalopods.
53
What is a characteristic feature of jawless fish?
They have a sucker-like mouth.
54
True or False: Echinoderms have a central nervous system.
False.
55
Fill in the blank: The primary method of locomotion for cephalopods is ______.
jet propulsion.
56
What is the significance of the swim bladder in bony fish?
It helps maintain buoyancy.
57
What are the key structural features of mollusks?
Mollusks have a soft body, often enclosed in a calcium carbonate shell, a muscular foot, a visceral mass, and a mantle.
58
What are the four main classes of mollusks?
Chitons, Gastropods, Bivalves, and Cephalopods.
59
How do mollusks reproduce?
Most mollusks reproduce sexually with separate sexes, although some are hermaphroditic. Fertilization is external or internal.
60
What is the radula in gastropods?
A specialized feeding organ that is used to scrape or cut food, found in most mollusks except bivalves.
61
What is the function of the mantle in mollusks?
The mantle secretes the shell (if present) and helps in respiration and excretion.
62
What are chitons, and where do they live?
Chitons are marine mollusks with eight dorsal plates. They are found on rocky intertidal zones.
63
Describe the shell of bivalves.
Bivalves have two hinged shells made of calcium carbonate, used for protection and burrowing.
64
How do cephalopods differ from other mollusks?
Cephalopods are highly developed with a well-developed nervous system, a closed circulatory system, and tentacles.
65
What is the ink sac in cephalopods?
The ink sac is used to expel a dark fluid to confuse predators and escape danger.
66
What type of symmetry is found in mollusks?
Most mollusks have bilateral symmetry, though cephalopods exhibit a modified asymmetry.
67
What is torsion in gastropods?
Torsion is a 180-degree twisting of the visceral mass in gastropods, leading to the repositioning of their organs.
68
What is a unique feature of the reproductive system of bivalves?
Bivalves are often broadcast spawners, releasing eggs and sperm into the water column for external fertilization.
69
How do cephalopods move?
Cephalopods use jet propulsion by expelling water through a siphon for fast movement.
70
What is the circulatory system like in cephalopods?
Cephalopods have a closed circulatory system, which is more efficient for their active lifestyle.
71
What is a unique feature of the shell in nautiloids?
Nautiloids have a coiled, external, and chambered shell used for buoyancy control.
72
What are the key structural features of arthropods?
Arthropods have segmented bodies, an exoskeleton made of chitin, jointed appendages, and an open circulatory system.
73
What clade do arthropods belong to?
Arthropods belong to the clade Ecdysozoa, which undergo ecdysis (molting).
74
What is the role of the exoskeleton in arthropods?
The exoskeleton provides protection, support, and helps prevent desiccation.
75
What are trilobites?
Trilobites are extinct arthropods that lived in the Paleozoic Era, characterized by a three-lobed body.
76
What are horseshoe crabs, and where are they found?
Horseshoe crabs are marine arthropods with a horseshoe-shaped carapace and are found in shallow coastal waters.
77
How do marine spiders differ from land spiders?
Marine spiders can live in saltwater and have specialized adaptations for surviving in aquatic environments.
78
What are crustaceans?
Crustaceans are a group of marine arthropods, including crabs, lobsters, shrimp, and barnacles, characterized by a hard exoskeleton and two pairs of antennae.
79
What is the function of the compound eyes in arthropods?
Compound eyes allow arthropods to detect movement and light in multiple directions simultaneously.
80
What is a mantis shrimp?
Mantis shrimp are crustaceans known for their powerful claws, which they use to strike prey with great force.
81
What are decapods?
Decapods are crustaceans with ten limbs, including species like shrimp, crabs, and lobsters.
82
What are krill, and what is their ecological role?
Krill are small shrimp-like crustaceans that serve as a primary food source for many marine animals, particularly in the polar regions.
83
How do barnacles feed?
Barnacles are filter feeders that use their cirri (feathery appendages) to capture plankton from the water.
84
What is the significance of the molt in arthropods?
Molting allows arthropods to grow, as their exoskeleton is rigid and must be shed to allow for expansion.
85
How do crustaceans reproduce?
Crustaceans typically reproduce sexually, with many species undergoing external fertilization.
86
How are arthropods adapted for life in marine environments?
Arthropods have specialized gills for respiration, a waterproof exoskeleton, and adaptations for movement in water.
87
What is a carapace?
The carapace is a hard, protective exoskeleton that covers the head and thorax of crustaceans and some other arthropods.
88
How does the nervous system of arthropods work?
Arthropods have a ventral nerve cord with segmental ganglia that control movement and behavior.
89
What are the primary feeding strategies of arthropods?
Arthropods use a variety of strategies, including filter feeding, scavenging, predation, and grazing.
90
What are the main appendages of crustaceans?
Crustaceans have antennae, mandibles, maxillae, and legs, each adapted for feeding, locomotion, and sensing.
91
What is the role of the exoskeleton in protection?
The exoskeleton protects arthropods from predators, physical damage, and desiccation.
92
What are echinoderms, and what is their unique characteristic?
Echinoderms are deuterostome marine animals with radial symmetry as adults and a calcareous internal skeleton.
93
What is the water vascular system in echinoderms?
The water vascular system is a network of fluid-filled canals used for movement, feeding, and respiration in echinoderms.
94
What is the function of tube feet in echinoderms?
Tube feet are used for locomotion, attachment, and feeding.
95
How do echinoderms reproduce?
Echinoderms generally reproduce sexually with external fertilization, although some species can regenerate lost parts.
96
What are crinoids?
Crinoids are echinoderms known as sea lilies or feather stars, characterized by their feathery arms and stalks.
97
What are asteroids?
Asteroids are star-shaped echinoderms, commonly known as sea stars or starfish, with five or more arms.
98
What are ophiuroids?
Ophiuroids are brittle stars, characterized by their long, slender arms and distinct central disk.
99
What are echinoids?
Echinoids are sea urchins and sand dollars, which have a spherical body and a rigid, spiny exoskeleton.
100
What are holothuroids?
Holothuroids are sea cucumbers, echinoderms with elongated, soft bodies and reduced spines.
101
What type of symmetry do echinoderms have?
Echinoderms exhibit radial symmetry as adults but have bilateral symmetry during the larval stage.
102
How does the skeleton of echinoderms differ from that of other marine organisms?
Echinoderms have an internal, calcareous endoskeleton made of ossicles (small, calcium carbonate plates).
103
What is the significance of the madreporite in echinoderms?
The madreporite is the entry point for water into the water vascular system, aiding in hydraulic control.
104
How do sea stars use their tube feet to feed?
Sea stars use tube feet to pry open mollusk shells and evert their stomachs to digest the prey externally.
105
What is autotomy in echinoderms?
Autotomy is the ability of echinoderms to detach a body part, such as an arm, to escape predators.
106
How are echinoderms important ecologically?
Echinoderms play roles in benthic communities, such as controlling algal growth and recycling nutrients.
107
What are the key characteristics of chordates?
Chordates have a notochord, dorsal nerve cord, pharyngeal slits, and a post-anal tail at some stage of development.
108
What are jawless fish, and how do they feed?
Jawless fish, like lampreys, have no jaws and feed by sucking the blood of other fish.
109
How do jawless fish differ from jawed fish?
Jawless fish lack jaws and paired fins, whereas jawed fish have jaws and paired fins for more efficient feeding and movement.
110
What is a notochord?
The notochord is a flexible rod-like structure that supports the body in early development of chordates.
111
What are lampreys?
Lampreys are parasitic, jawless fish that attach to other fish using their sucker-like mouths.
112
What is the significance of the dorsal nerve cord in chordates?
The dorsal nerve cord develops into the central nervous system, including the brain and spinal cord.
113
How do jawless fish reproduce?
Jawless fish generally reproduce sexually, with external fertilization in some species.
114
What are the primitive characteristics of jawless fish?
Jawless fish have cartilaginous skeletons, lack paired fins, and have a single nostril.
115
What is the life cycle of a lamprey?
Lampreys have a larval stage spent in freshwater streams, followed by a parasitic adult stage in the ocean.
116
How do jawless fish maintain buoyancy?
Jawless fish have a notochord and simple body structure for buoyancy, but they lack a swim bladder like jawed fish.
117
What are cartilaginous fish, and what makes them unique?
Cartilaginous fish (Chondrichthyes), like sharks and rays, have skeletons made of cartilage, not bone.
118
What are the major classes of jawed fish?
The major classes of jawed fish are cartilaginous fish (Chondrichthyes) and bony fish (Osteichthyes).
119
How do cartilaginous fish reproduce?
Cartilaginous fish reproduce through internal fertilization, often giving birth to live young.
120
What is a unique feature of bony fish?
Bony fish have a skeleton made of bone and a swim bladder for buoyancy control.
121
How do bony fish regulate buoyancy?
Bony fish use a swim bladder filled with gas to maintain neutral buoyancy in water.
122
What are the types of scales found in fish?
Fish can have placoid scales (cartilaginous fish), cycloid scales, or ctenoid scales (bony fish).
123
What is the function of the ampullae of Lorenzini in cartilaginous fish?
The ampullae of Lorenzini are specialized organs that detect electric fields, aiding in navigation and hunting.
124
What is the primary method of respiration in jawed fish?
Jawed fish typically breathe through gills, extracting oxygen from water.
125
How do cartilaginous fish maintain their position in the water column?
Cartilaginous fish maintain buoyancy through large, oil-filled livers instead of a swim bladder.
126
What is the difference between the fins of cartilaginous and bony fish?
Cartilaginous fish typically have more rigid fins, while bony fish have more flexible, often specialized fins for better maneuverability.
127
How do sharks use their sense of smell to hunt?
Sharks have a highly developed sense of smell, using it to detect low concentrations of chemicals in the water, such as blood.
128
How do the reproductive strategies of bony fish differ from cartilaginous fish?
Bony fish often release eggs and sperm externally for fertilization, while cartilaginous fish have internal fertilization with live births or egg cases.
129
What is the role of gill rakers in filter-feeding fish?
Gill rakers are comb-like structures used by filter-feeding fish to trap plankton and small organisms from water.
130
What is the importance of the lateral line system in fish?
The lateral line system detects vibrations and movement in the surrounding water, helping fish navigate and hunt.
131
How do fish maintain osmotic balance in saltwater environments?
Saltwater fish excrete excess salt through specialized cells in their gills and kidneys to maintain osmotic balance.
132
What happens when the chromatophores expand?
the cephalopod gets darker
133
what happens when the chromatophore is relaxed?
the cephalopod gets lighter
134
What is a chelicerate
spiders, scorpions, ticks and mites
135
what type of arthopod are horseshoe crabs?
Chelicerates
136
What family are sea lillies in?
Crinoids
137
What family are sea stars in?
asteroids
138
what family are brittle stars in?
ophiuroids
139
what family are sea urchins and sand dollars in?
Echinoids
140
what family are sea cucumbers in?
Holothuroids (b/c they can become hollow)
