Exam 3 Flashcards
Fully inderstand in 2 hours
What are the four major tissue types in the human body?
Connective, Nervous, Epithelial, Muscle
Connective tissue supports and binds, Nervous tissue is for communication and signals, Epithelial tissue protects and controls substance exchange, Muscle tissue is for movement and contraction.
What are the two types of connective tissue?
Connective Tissue Proper, Special Connective Tissue
Connective Tissue Proper includes loose and dense connective tissues, while Special Connective Tissue includes bone, cartilage, blood, etc.
What is the function of loose connective tissue?
Cushions and insulates organs
Includes adipose (fat) tissue.
What is the function of dense connective tissue?
Connects muscles and bones
Includes tendons (muscle to bone) and ligaments (bone to bone).
What is the main function of epithelial tissue?
Protects and controls substance exchange.
What is the function of the stomach lining?
Protects the body from stomach acid.
What is the difference between endocrine and exocrine glands?
Endocrine glands secrete hormones into the blood; exocrine glands secrete substances outside the body.
What are the three types of muscle tissue?
Cardiac, Smooth, Skeletal
Cardiac muscle is involuntary and striated, Smooth muscle is involuntary, and Skeletal muscle is voluntary.
Which muscle type has a striated appearance and is involuntary?
Cardiac muscle.
What type of muscle is involved in peristalsis?
Smooth muscle.
What is the function of nervous tissue?
Generates and carries electrical impulses.
What are the two divisions of the nervous system?
Central Nervous System (CNS), Peripheral Nervous System (PNS).
What is a glial cell?
A supportive cell in the nervous system that protects and nourishes neurons.
What is the purpose of homeostasis?
Maintains a stable internal environment.
Give an example of a negative feedback loop.
Temperature regulation.
Give an example of a positive feedback loop.
Childbirth or blood clotting.
What are the six major nutrients in our diet?
Carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals, water.
What is the difference between essential and non-essential nutrients?
Essential nutrients must be obtained from diet; non-essential nutrients can be synthesized by the body.
What is peristalsis?
Waves of smooth muscle contractions that move food through the digestive system.
What is bile, and where is it stored?
A substance that helps digest fats; stored in the gallbladder.
What are the three major functions of the circulatory system?
Transport, temperature regulation, protection.
What are the two circuits of the circulatory system?
Systemic, Pulmonary.
What is the function of the aorta?
Carries oxygenated blood from the heart to the body.
What is the function of the vena cava?
Brings deoxygenated blood from the body to the heart.
