Exam 3 Flashcards
What is the routine exemption for ambulances regarding parking within a controlled zone?
Park within a controlled (zigzag) zone area of a pedestrian crossing
What is the routine exemption for ambulances regarding parking in areas controlled by double white, red, or yellow lines?
Park in areas controlled by double white, red, or yellow lines
What is the routine exemption for ambulances regarding parking offside during hours of darkness?
Park offside during hours of darknes
What is the routine exemption for ambulances regarding parking or driving on a cycle track?
Park or drive on a cycle track.
What is the routine exemption for ambulances regarding parking on the central reservation?
Park on the central reservation, footway, verge
What is the routine exemption for ambulances regarding parking at a designated bus stop?
Park at a designated bus stop
What is the routine exemption for ambulances regarding leaving the engine running?
Leave the engine running while unattended.
What is the routine exemption for ambulances regarding clearways?
Stopping on a clearway
What is the routine exemption for ambulances regarding double parking or parking across a dropped kerb?
Double park or park across a dropped kerb if required.
What is the emergency exemption for ambulances at red traffic lights?
Treat red lights as give-way signs and proceed when safe.
What is the emergency exemption for ambulances regarding bus lanes?
Rightful use bus lanes during their hours of operation.
What is the emergency exemption for ambulances using audible warnings at night?
Use sirens and other audible warnings at night between 2330-0700
What is the emergency exemption for ambulances stopping in yellow box junctions?
Stop in yellow box junctions when necessary.
What is the emergency exemption for ambulances traveling the incorrect side of keep left/right signs?
Travel the incorrect side of ‘keep left’ or ‘keep right’ signs when necessary.
What is the emergency exemption for ambulances regarding motorway regulations?
Motorway regulations
What is the emergency exemption for ambulances entering a pedestrian precinct?
Enter pedestrian precincts.
What is the emergency exemption for ambulances exceeding speed limits?
Exceed statutory speed limits.
When claiming an exemption, what must the exemption be?
All exemptions must be safe, legal and justifiable
3 types of hazards are
Moving- pedestrians etc
Static (street furniture)
Environmental- weather, road conditions
What is IPSGA
Information, Position, Speed, Gear, Acceleration
What is TUG
Take , Use, Give.
What is OAPDA
Observe, Anticipate,Prioritise, Decide what to do, Act.
Good ways to cope with Stress
TR is good
T- Task focused Stress coping
R Re appraisal stress coping
Bad ways of stress coping
ACE is BAD
A- Avoidance
C- Confrontive
E- Emotional
According to Rule 91 whats the recommended break to driving
Break of at least 15 minutes after every 2 hours driving
Which of the following exemptions may ONLY be claimed when driving under emergency response conditions?
a) Stopping on a clearway
b) Parking within the controlled area of a pedestrian crossing
c) Leaving the engine running while the vehicle is unattended
d) Travelling on the incorrect side of a keep left sign
d) Travelling on the incorrect side of a keep left sign
Vehicle daily inspections (VDIs) MUST be conducted in which of the following circumstances?
1) At the start of every shift
2) At the end of every shift
3) When switching vehicles during a shift
4) Before responding to any emergency response call
At the start of every shift and when switching vehicles during a shift.
Which of the following is the best definition of a ‘controlled motorway’?
a) A motorway with three or more lanes, a hard shoulder and variable speed limits
b) A motorway with three or more lanes, a hard shoulder and a fixed speed limit
c) A motorway with three or more lanes, no hard shoulder and variable speed limits
d) A motorway with three or more lanes, no hard shoulder and a fixed speed limit
A motorway with three or more lanes, a hard shoulder and variable speed limits.
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of automatic gearboxes?
a) Run on
b) Run off
c) Creep
d) Kick down
Kick down.
In the context of processing information while driving, what does the acronym TUG stand for?
a) Timing, understanding and generating
b) Take, use and give
c) Traffic, update and gain
d) Task, use and gain
Take, use and give.
When approaching a bend, the weather, road conditions and road markings should be utilised as what?
a) Zones of visibility
b) Stability features
c) Observational clues
d) The limit point
Observational clues .
When driving at speeds of up to 30mph on a road, drivers should leave a distance of at least how much when overtaking motorcyclists and cyclists?
a) 1 metre when overtaking motorcyclists and cyclists
b) 1.5 metres when overtaking motorcyclists and cyclists
c) 1.75 metres when overtaking motorcyclists and cyclists
d) 2 metres when overtaking motorcyclists and cyclists
1.5 metres when overtaking motorcyclists and cyclists.
During a manoeuvre, an ambulance vehicle driver can see the banksman holding both of her hands in a vertical position with palms facing each other, and a small space between them. What is she indicating?
a) The banksman is providing a visual reference depicting the gap remaining
b) The banksman wants the driver to stop driving
c) The banksman wants the driver to move rearwards
d) The banksman is indicating that she is no longer sure how the driver should proceed
The banksman is providing a visual reference depicting the gap remaining.
Cruise control is an aid designed to maintain vehicle speed but should NOT be used when?
a) Aiming to improve fuel economy
b) Trying to reduce driver fatigue
c) Driving under emergency response conditions
d) Maintaining legal speed limits
Driving under emergency response conditions.
According to Roadcraft, approximately what proportion of fatal road accidents are caused by drivers who have fallen asleep at the wheel?
a) None
b) One in four
c) Three in four
d) Two in four
One in four.
Which of the following actions would be MOST effective in avoiding dazzle from other road users’ headlights?
a) Looking towards the nearside edge of the road and reducing vehicle speed
b) Looking towards the nearside edge of the road and increasing vehicle speed
c) Looking towards the offside edge of the road and reducing vehicle speed
d) Looking towards the offside edge of the road and increasing vehicle speed
Looking towards the nearside edge of the road and reducing vehicle speed.
Which of the following best describes when an ambulance vehicle driver should use audible and visual warnings to facilitate safe progress?
a) To warn other road users of their presence and intentions
b) To intimidate stubborn road users who are blocking their route
c) To ensure other road users are aware of their presence and legal entitlement to claim
precedence
d) To act as an escort for another ambulance carrying a category 1 patient
To warn other road users of their presence and intentions.
Whats the I in IAMSAFE
I - Illness
Are you experiencing any illness or medical condition that could impair your driving?
Whats the A in IAMSAFE
A - Alcohol
Have you consumed any alcohol that might affect your ability to drive safely?
Whats the M in IAMSAFE
M - Medication
Are you taking any medications that could cause drowsiness, delayed reactions, or other impairments?
Whats the S in IAMSAFE
S - Stress
Are you under significant stress that could distract you or impair your judgment while driving?
Whats the second A in IAMSAFE
A - Attitude
Do you have the right mindset or attitude to focus on driving safely?
Whats the F in IAMSAFE
F - Fatigue
Are you tired or fatigued, which could reduce your reaction times or awareness?
Whats the E in IAMSAFE
E- Emotion
Am I angry, depressed, or stressed. Could this lead me to take risks.
Whats rule 149
You MUST exercise proper control of your vehicle at all times. You MUST NOT use a hand-held mobile phone, or similar device, when driving, or when supervising a learner driver
Dot points for rule H2
At a junction, you should give way to pedestrians crossing or waiting to cross a road into which or from which you are turning.”
Key points:
Drivers and riders MUST give way to pedestrians crossing or waiting to cross at junctions.
Pedestrians have priority when crossing or waiting to cross a side road, a zebra crossing, or a parallel crossing.
Cyclists MUST give way to pedestrians on shared-use paths.
What is Rule H3`
Drivers and motorcyclists should not cut across cyclists, horse riders, or horse-drawn vehicles when turning into or out of a junction or changing direction or lane.
What is Rule 89
You must ensure your vehicle and trailer comply with the full requirements of the Road Vehicles (Construction and Use) Regulations and Road Vehicles Lighting Regulations
How many points can you gain in a 3 year period
12 or more penalty points within three years driver MUST be disqualified, for a minimum period of 6 months
Max Penalty for speeding
1000 pounds. 3-6 penalty points
Max penalty for drink driving
Prison- 6 months
Max fine- Unlimited
DQ- obligatory
PP- 3-11
When can we cross double whites? (8)
1- turn at a junction or into premises
2- pass a stationary vehicle
3- in order to avoid an accident
4- in order to pass a road maintenance vehicle that is in use moving 10mph or less
5- pass a pedal cycle 10mph or less
6- horse travelling 10mph or less
7- direction if police or traffic warden
8- circumstances outside of driver control
Clearance for Cyclist
1.5 up to 30mph, more for speeds over 30
When are Pax responsible for their own seatbelt?
Age 14
How big should the gap to car in front be to stop safely
Dry - 2 seconds
Wet - 4 seconds
Ice - 10 seconds
Rule H1
Hierarchy of road users
All Road users should be considerate and responsible
Horses- Dran carriage, walkers, cycles, bikes, cars, trucks
How to Decide on a plan? (5)
What you can see
what you cant see
What you might expect to happen
Which hazards are the greates risk
What to do if things turn out differently?
Approx safe stopping distance at 70mph
100m
What are the 9 routine exemptions
6 Ps
LSD
List the 8 emergency exemptions
6 physiological human factors
- minor illnes
- Medication
- residual Blood alcohol
- Low blood suger from not eating
- hormonal mood swings
- life stresses
5 ways to combat stress
1. Adjusst seat and steering wheel
2. Use techniques you learnt in training
3. Maintain calm profressional approach to your driving
4. Learn techniques to help focus on driving amd swithc off other problems
5. Dont dwell on previous stressful experiences or earlier errors
What does EBA stand for
Emergency brake assist
What does EBA do?
Operate during emergency braking.
When brake is depressed quickly, the EBA automatically increases the brake pressure
Reducing the stopping distance.
What does ABS stand for
Anti-lock braking System
What does ABS do
Applied brakes in a way to reduce wheel locking enabling you to steer and brake.
What does electronic brake force distribution do
EBD controls the brake pressure to improve the vehicle handling while braking.
What are some of the warning lights shown
How is a retarder activated
Fully automatic and activated by depressing the brake pedal.
What does acceleration skid control ASC or anti slip regulator ASR do?
Forms of traction control, ASR brakes individual drive wheels and limits the output of the drive system.
What does ESC (emergency stability control) do
It is able to predict when the vehicle may under or oversteer. It works by braking individual wheels and reducing power output from the engine
What is acceleration sense
the ability to vary a vehicle speed acording to changing road and traffic conditions using the accelerator alone
meaning less use of brake
(DTAG BOOK)
Overall stopping distance for 20mph
12m (40ft)
Overall stopping distance for 30mph
23m (75ft)
Overall stopping distance for 40mph
36m (118ft)
Overall stopping distance for 50mph
53m (175ft)
Overall stopping distance for 60mph
73m (240ft)
Overall stopping distance for 70mph
96m (315ft)
Why conduct static brake test
to ensure there is no excessiv travel in the brak pedal that may indicate a leak in the hydrolic system or worn/defective pads.
Why push the PAWL button on the handbrake
reduces wear and tear on the cable and brake mechanism
what could happen when conducting moving brake test
Pulled to one side indicating a fault with the brakes, steering or tyres.
What is the hours of Darkness
half an hour after sunset and half an hour before sunrise
Rule 113 Highway code
What faults could render the vehicle unsuitable for ERD? (5)
- Fitting of audible warning instruments
- Reflective material on rear of vehcile
- Headlight flashing unit
- Flashing blue/red equipment
- Side reflective materials
Why do we do comprehensive vehicle checks? (5)
Ensure the vehicle is
- Safe
- Roadworthy
- Complies with Law
- Complies with H&S regulations
- Sets a good example
VDI items to check (7)
- Exterior
- Wheels and Tyres
- Under Bonnet
- Lights and Reflectors
- Glass, wipers, washers
- Audible warning equipment
- Ambo Specific equipment
Exterior Checks (6)
- Sits Level
- No Fluids
- Bodywork
- Body Pannels allign and components secured
- Doors
- Fluorencent Tapes visible
Wheels and Tyres Checks (5)
- Nuts
- Cracks, buldges or damage
- Treads
- Pressure
- No items trapped in any double wheel axels
Under bonnet Checks (6)
- Park it Level
- Oil
-Coolant - Hydraulic Fluid
- Brake Fluid
- Windscreen Washer
- AdBlue
Lights and reflectors Check
Headlights
Sidelights
Daytime Running
Fog
Indicators
Hazards
Brake lights
Rear Number plates
Emergency warning lights
Scene Lights
Interior Lights
Glass, wipers and washers Checks (6)
Clean
No cracks or chips
mirros clean
Wipers work
Washers Work
Demisters and heaters work
Check that the audible warning equipment works (5)
Horn
Sirens
Bull Horn
Reversing Alarm
Check exhaust noise is normal
All lights, lamps and reflectors must be clean and in working order Except… (3)
Stopped working on current Journey
Arrangments Have been made to fix it
Towing a trailer which would obsucre the broken light anyway
What colour reflectors are permitted for use on the rear of the ambo?
Red, Yellow or Orange
What colour reflectors are permitted for use on the side of the ambo?
Amber
yellow
green or
white
Red within 1m of rear
Pre-Driving Checks (8)
- Handbrake and gear lever
- Adjust seat and steering wheel
- Mirrors
- Starting procedure
- Static Brake test
- Auxillary controls
- seat belts and doors
- Mobile brake test
2 static brake tests and why we do them
Footbrake - to ensure hydraulic system is in good working order
Handbrake - Indicate any defect in braking system
What to monitor in mobile brake test
The vehicle stops in an expected distance
No deviation left or right
Pulled up evenly on all 4 wheels
Roadworthiness Checklist
What Wheel Drive
Fuel Type
Gearbox
Saftey Features
Parking Brake
Position of auxiliaries and controls
Windows
Fire Extinguisher
First aid kit
POWDER Checklist
P -Petrol
Oil
Damage
Water
Electrics
Rubber
Before setting off, rule 97 of the HWC states you MUST…
- Have Valid licence and insurance
- The vehicle is legal and roadworthy
Approaching from the opposite carriageway?
Only to be used in execptional circumstances
Employ a rolling roadblock
Not to be used by ambulance or fire unless police directed us to do so
Motorway prohibited Vehicles are?
Pedestrians
Prov MC licence holders
MCs under 50cc
Cyclists
Horses
Agric vehicles
Mobility scooters
Oversized loads
What can’t use the 3rd lane on motorways?(5)
- Any vehcile with a trailer
- Any goods vehicle 3.5-7.5 tonnes with speed limited
- Any goods vehicle 7.5 tonnes plus
- Pax vehicle exceeding 7.5 tons designed to carry 8+ pax
- Above but under 7.5 with a speed limited
Places of relative saftey
- Lay-bys
- Emergency areas
- Hard Shoulder
Reflective road studs colours
Between lanes or the center of the road - White
Central Reservation - Amber
Left edge - red
Slip roads and lay-bys - Green
Roadworks - Green/Yellow
What is tappered Breaking? What is its benefit?
Progressive and steadilly increasing, Relax as unwanted speed is lost, release as you stop to avoid jerking
Uses less fuel
Important Characteristics of automatic Gearboxes (3)
Creep
Run on
Kick Down
Creep?
Vehcile moves on its own in any gear other than P or N, magnitude depends on gravity
Run on?
Vehicle will not slow down by use of the engine when the accelerator is released. Feels similar to coasting. Can be controlled using Lock Down
Kick Down?
Saftey feature allowing for sudden acceleration by dropping a gear when a situation is dangerous
Define brake fade
A reduction in stopping power after sustained or repeated braking
What gear and revs to be used in slippery conditions?
High gear, low revs
Should you change gear in a corner and why?
No, can destabilise the vehicle and requires taking one hand off of the steering wheel
What does ECO mode do to an auto gear box and why?
Change up at lower revs to improve fuel economy when performance is not required
what RPM should you change up at in a deisel and petrol respectivley
2000 D
2500 P
benefits of Acceleration Sense (3)
Uses less fuel
Less wear on the tyres
reduced emissions
What are the benefits of maintaining constant speed using acceleration in a corner
Even weight distrobution between front and rear ensuring maximum tyre grip
Negatives of not having smooth acceleration (4)
Uncomfortable
Unnecessary strain on the vehicle
Reduces tyre grip
Increases fuel consumption
When is a vehicle most stable? (3)
When weight is evenly distributed
Engine pulling to maintain speed
travelling in a straight line
What 3 forces reduce stability and tyre grip?
Steering
Acceleration
Braking
Define Limit point
The furthest point to which you have an uninterupted view of the road surface
Purpose of limit point principle?
A systematic way of judging correct speed to use through bends
What to consider on approach to a bend? (3)
Traffic
road surface
limit point
4 causes of skids
driving too fast for the cirumstances
harsh acceleration
sudden braking
coarse steering
Understeer/Oversteer definitions
the tendency of a vehicole to turn more/less in response to a given steering wheel input
Crown camber and steering effect
Elevation in the center of the road
good effect for left hand bends
bad for right hand bends
Superelevation Camber
The whole width of the road is banked up towards the outside edge of the turn
Stages of a 3 stage overtake
following position
overtaking position
overtaking
What is the following stage? (3-stage overtake)
When it is unsafe to overtake immediatley, reduce speed and follow at a safe distance
What is the Overtaking Position stage? (3-stage overtake)
close some of the distance to the vheicle ahead and position for the best possible view
What is the Overtaking stage? (3-stage overtake)
Move horizontally to the right and re-assess saftey, if safe to do-so, accelerate past
checks before overtaking Rule 162 (3)
The road is clear ahead
No one is overtaking you
Suitable gap infront of the road user
factors to consider about your vehicle before overtaking (5)
Are you familiar with the vehicles capabilities
Will it give enough acceleration
Can you legally achieve the speed required
Capabilities in relation to other road user
Load
What I NEED to consider when deciding to overtake (3)
Do I need to
is it safe
Is my vehicle capable
What’s the pre driving checks (8)
- Check handbrake and gear
- Adjust seat and steering
- Adjust mirrors
- Starting procedure
- Static brake test
- Aux Controls
7.Seats, belts, doors
8.Mobile Brake test
