Exam 3

Question 1

Sexual Dysfunction

Answer 1

Disorders involving either a disruption of the sexual response cycle or pain during sex

Question 2

Sexual Response cycle

Answer 2

Desire >Excitement/Arousal >Orgasm >Resolution

Question 3

Low Sexual desire disorders

Answer 3

Male hypoactive sexual desire disorder
Female sexual interest/arousal disorder

Question 4

Female sexual interest/arousal disorder

Answer 4

Insufficient engorgement/lubrication
Treatment: couples therapy focused on communication, senate focus techniques

Question 5

Erectile disorder

Answer 5

Inability to achieve/maintain erection
Treatment: medications, sensate focus techniques + paradoxical instruction

Question 6

Female orgasmic disorder

Answer 6

Women with difficulty reaching orgasm
Treatment: education about female sexuality, self-stimulation instructions

Question 7

Delayed ejaculation

Answer 7

Men with difficulty reaching orgasm
Causes/Treatments similiar to ED and female orgasmic disorder

Question 8

Premature ejaculation

Answer 8

Man reaches orgasm before, on, or shortly after penetration
Treatment: special condoms, squeeze technique, start/stop technique

Question 9

Genito-pelvic pain/penetration disorder

Answer 9

Female specific condition with at least one of the following
- difficulty with penetration during intercourse
- tensing or tightening of pelvic floor muscles during attempted penetration
- anxiety about pain associated with penetration
- marked pain during attempts at vaginal penetration
Treatment: physical therapy, learning to control vaginal muscles

Question 10

Lifelong dysfunction

Answer 10

Existed without relief, since the person’s earliest sexual experiences

Question 11

Acquired dysfunction

Answer 11

Develops after at least one period of normal functioning

Question 12

Generalized dysfunction

Answer 12

Present in all sexual situations at the time of diagnosis

Question 13

Situational dysfunction

Answer 13

Occurs only in certain situations or with certain partners

Question 14

Paraphilias

Answer 14

recognized patterns of sexuality that deviate markedly from norms
- pattern or object becomes a central focus person’s arousal and gratification and either causes distress or impairment

Question 15

Fetishistic disorder

Answer 15

Reliance on inanimate objects or on a body part for sexual gratification

Question 16

Transvestic disorder

Answer 16

Sexual gratification through dressing in clothes of another gender

Question 17

Exhibitionistic disorder

Answer 17

Sexual gratification through display of one’s genitals to an involuntary observer

Question 18

Voyeuristic disorder

Answer 18

Sexual gratification through clandestine observation of other people’s sexual activities or sexual anatomy

Question 19

Sexual sadism disorder

Answer 19

Sexual gratification through infliction of pain/humiliation on others

Question 20

Sexual masochism disorder

Answer 20

Sexual gratification through pain and/or humiliation inflicted on one’s self

Question 21

Frotteuristic disorder

Answer 21

Sexual gratification through touching and rubbing against a non-consenting person

Question 22

Pedophilic disorder

Answer 22

Sexual gratification on the part of the adult through sexual contact with prepubescent children
- must have at least 5 year age gap
- perpetrator must be 16+
- child must be <13

Question 23

Behavior treatment for paraphilias

Answer 23

Stimulus satiation
Orgasmic reconditioning
Covert sensitization
Medication

Question 24

Stimulus sensation

Answer 24

Exposure to paraphilic stimuli immediately after orgasm (only when not aroused)

Question 25

Orgasmic reconditioning

Answer 25

Switch to normative sexual fantasies or material right before orgasm

Question 26

Covert sensitization

Answer 26

Imagine worst possible scenario during arousal

Question 27

Gender dysphoria

Answer 27

Marked in congruence between ones experienced/expressed gender and assigned gender - causes substantial distress - desire to live as experienced gender

Question 28

Schizophrenia

Answer 28

Psychotic disorder in which deterioration of functioning is marked by severe symptoms related to - deficits in cognition and language - distorted perception - abnormal mood - bizarre behavior

Question 29

Delusions of persecution

Answer 29

Belief that someone is being targeted or harmed by others despite lack of evidence

Question 30

Delusions of control

Answer 30

belief that ones thoughts, actions, emotions or perceptions are controlled by another person, spirit, machine, or unknown force

Question 31

Delusion of reference

Answer 31

Belief that someone believes that ordinary events have special meaning that personal to them

Question 32

Delusions of grandeur

Answer 32

False belief that someone has exceptional wealth, power, or identity

Question 33

Delusions of sin and guilt

Answer 33

An extreme feeling of remorse or the belief that one has committed an unpardonable sin

Question 34

Loose associations

Answer 34

Ideas jump from one to another, leading the person further and further away from the original topic

Question 35

Poverty of content

Answer 35

Poor communication despite correct grammar and adequate vocabulary

Question 36

Neologisms

Answer 36

The use of new words and phrases, often formed by combining parts of two or more regular words that have little if any translation “Littlehood” “goodship”

Question 37

Clanging

Answer 37

The pairing of words that have no relation to one another beyond the fact that they rhyme or sound alike

Question 38

Word salad

Answer 38

Words and phrases are combined in what appears to be a completely disorganized fashion

Question 39

Blunted affect

Answer 39

Patient shows little emotion

Question 40

Flat affect

Answer 40

Patient showed no emotions

Question 41

Inappropriate affect

Answer 41

The expression of emotions unsuitable to the situation

Question 42

Avolition

Answer 42

Lack of motivation or inability to initiate goal directed behaviors

Question 43

Breakdown of selective attention

Answer 43

Inability to confine extraneous data to the edge of consciousness

Question 44

Hallucination

Answer 44

Perceptions that occur in the absence of any appropriate external stimuli

Question 45

Stereotypy

Answer 45

The act of engaging in purposeless behaviors repetitively over long periods of time

Question 46

Catatonic behavior

Answer 46

Lack of movement

Question 47

Social withdrawal

Answer 47

The lack of attention to or interest in the goings- on of the external world

Question 48

The prodromal phase

Answer 48

The gradual deterioration of functioning before any clearly psychotic symptoms appear

Question 49

The active phase

Answer 49

Patient begins showing prominent psychotic symptoms

Question 50

The residual phase

Answer 50

– Gradual recovery – Behavior is similar to that of the prodromal phase

Question 51

The Dopamine Hypothesis

Answer 51

schizophrenia is associated with excess activity in the parts of the brain that use dopamine as a neurotransmitter

Question 52

The cognitive perspective

Answer 52

biology sets the stage for the disorder, perhaps leading to loose associations and deficits in selective attention Then, dysfunctional Interpretations of strange experiences contribute to certain symptoms

Question 53

Personality disorder

Answer 53

An enduring pattern of inner experience and behavior that deviates markedly from the expectations of the individual’s culture, and that is • Pervasive and inflexible • Has an onset in adolescence or early adulthood • Maladaptive and/or cause serious personal distress

Question 54

Paranoid personality disorder

Answer 54

A pervasive distrust and suspiciousness of others - Expects that others will seek to harm, deceive or exploit - Preoccupied with potential disloyalty of others - Reads hidden threatening meanings into benign remarks - Hesitant to confide in others - Bears grudges over even small issues Few friends Fringe groups – conspiracy May involve an impairment in perceptual abilities (attributions)

Question 55

Schizotypal personality disorder

Answer 55

Acute discomfort with, and reduced capacity for, close relationships as well as by cognitive or perceptual distortions and eccentricities of behavior • Odd beliefs/ Magical thinking – ESP, psychic powers • Unusual speech patterns (metaphorical, circumstantial, vague) • Unusual perceptual experiences (e.g., illusions) • Limited social connections and social anxiety • Behavior or appearance that is odd, eccentric, or peculiar

Question 56

Schizoid personality disorder

Answer 56

Severely restricted range of emotions that is most notably associated with social detachment • Uninterested in social connections – prefers solitary activities • Limited range of emotional expression; seems detached • Anhedonia • Indifferent to praise/criticism of others

Question 57

Antisocial personality disorder

Answer 57

A pervasive pattern of disregard for and violation of the rights of others • History of behavior problems in childhood • Lack of constancy and responsibility – in relationships, employment, debts • Irritability and aggressiveness • Reckless and impulsive behavior • Disregard for truth, law, social standards • Serious lack of empathy or remorse

Question 58

Borderline personality disorder

Answer 58

A pattern of instability of interpersonal relationships, self- image, and affects – Difficulties in establishing a secure self-identity • Rely on close relationships for sense of self – Distrust of others and fear of abandonment – Labile emotions and deficits in emotional control • Perpetual state of crisis; anger outbursts – Impulsive and self-destructive behavior • Chronic suicidality

Question 59

Histrionic personality disorder

Answer 59

A pervasive pattern of excessive emotionality and attention seeking as indicated by traits such as: – Desire to be center of attention – Shows self-dramatization, theatricality, and exaggerated expression of emotion. • Rapidly shifting and shallow expression of emotions. – Consistently uses physical appearance to draw attention to self. – Interaction with others is often characterized by inappropriate sexually seductive or provocative behavior. – Considers relationships to be more intimate than they actually are.

Question 60

Narcissistic personality disorder

Answer 60

A grandiose sense of grandiosity (self-importance) and lack of empathy • A need to be admired • Sense of entitlement and arrogant behavior • Self-centered / lack of empathy for others • Friends are chosen based on utility (exploitive) – Often combined with periodic feelings of inferiority

Question 61

Avoidant personality disorder

Answer 61

A pervasive pattern of social inhibition, feelings of inadequacy, and hypersensitivity to negative evaluation • Severely socially withdrawn • Avoidant of any occupational or social situation with perceived risk of criticism or rejection • Shows restraint within intimate relationships because of the fear of being shamed or ridiculed. • Views self as socially inept, personally unappealing, or inferior to others. • Is unusually reluctant to take personal risks or to engage in any new activities because they may prove embarrassing. – Similar to social anxiety disorder but perhaps more pervasive and debilitating

Question 62

Dependent personality disorder

Answer 62

Excessive need to be taken care of that leads to submissive and clinging behavior and fears of separation • Relies on opinions and reassurance from others to make choices • Needs others to assume responsibility for most major area of his or her life. • Lack of confidence to undertake tasks or projects on their own • Feels uncomfortable or helpless when alone because of exaggerated fears of being unable to care for himself or herself. • Urgently seeks another relationship as a source of care and support when a close relationship ends

Question 63

Obsessive compulsive disorder

Answer 63

Excessive preoccupation with orderliness, perfectionism, and control that is maladaptive • preoccupied with details, rules, lists, organization, or schedules • shows perfectionism that interferes with task completion • excessively devoted to work/ productivity over leisure activities over-conscientious and inflexible about matters of morality / values • reluctant to delegate tasks unless others will do it “their way” • miserly spending style; hoarding money for future catastrophes – Highly irritating to others; affects relationships

Question 64

Competency to stand trial

Answer 64

– Questions the Defendant’s mental state at the time of the trial – Ability to assist legal counsel at the time of the trial and understand charges against them

Question 65

The insanity defense

Answer 65

- Defendant admits to having committed the crime – Pleads not guilty due to mental disturbance – Claims he or she was not morally responsible at the time of the crime

Question 66

Civil commitment

Answer 66

Individuals who have been admitted involuntarily to a psychiatric facility because others decided they were disturbed enough to require hospitalization

Question 67

Multiple relationship

Answer 67

when a psychologist is in a professional role with a person and (1) at the same time is in another role with the same person, (2) at the same time is in a relationship with a person closely associated with or related to the person with whom the psychologist has the professional relationship, or (3) promises to enter into another relationship in the future with the person or a person closely associated with or related to the person.