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Abnormal Psych > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Sexual Dysfunction

A

Disorders involving either a disruption of the sexual response cycle or pain during sex

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2
Q

Sexual Response cycle

A

Desire >Excitement/Arousal >Orgasm >Resolution

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3
Q

Low Sexual desire disorders

A

Male hypoactive sexual desire disorder
Female sexual interest/arousal disorder

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4
Q

Female sexual interest/arousal disorder

A

Insufficient engorgement/lubrication
Treatment: couples therapy focused on communication, senate focus techniques

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5
Q

Erectile disorder

A

Inability to achieve/maintain erection
Treatment: medications, sensate focus techniques + paradoxical instruction

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6
Q

Female orgasmic disorder

A

Women with difficulty reaching orgasm
Treatment: education about female sexuality, self-stimulation instructions

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7
Q

Delayed ejaculation

A

Men with difficulty reaching orgasm
Causes/Treatments similiar to ED and female orgasmic disorder

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8
Q

Premature ejaculation

A

Man reaches orgasm before, on, or shortly after penetration
Treatment: special condoms, squeeze technique, start/stop technique

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9
Q

Genito-pelvic pain/penetration disorder

A

Female specific condition with at least one of the following
- difficulty with penetration during intercourse
- tensing or tightening of pelvic floor muscles during attempted penetration
- anxiety about pain associated with penetration
- marked pain during attempts at vaginal penetration
Treatment: physical therapy, learning to control vaginal muscles

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10
Q

Lifelong dysfunction

A

Existed without relief, since the person’s earliest sexual experiences

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11
Q

Acquired dysfunction

A

Develops after at least one period of normal functioning

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12
Q

Generalized dysfunction

A

Present in all sexual situations at the time of diagnosis

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13
Q

Situational dysfunction

A

Occurs only in certain situations or with certain partners

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14
Q

Paraphilias

A

recognized patterns of sexuality that deviate markedly from norms
- pattern or object becomes a central focus person’s arousal and gratification and either causes distress or impairment

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15
Q

Fetishistic disorder

A

Reliance on inanimate objects or on a body part for sexual gratification

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16
Q

Transvestic disorder

A

Sexual gratification through dressing in clothes of another gender

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17
Q

Exhibitionistic disorder

A

Sexual gratification through display of one’s genitals to an involuntary observer

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18
Q

Voyeuristic disorder

A

Sexual gratification through clandestine observation of other people’s sexual activities or sexual anatomy

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19
Q

Sexual sadism disorder

A

Sexual gratification through infliction of pain/humiliation on others

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20
Q

Sexual masochism disorder

A

Sexual gratification through pain and/or humiliation inflicted on one’s self

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21
Q

Frotteuristic disorder

A

Sexual gratification through touching and rubbing against a non-consenting person

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22
Q

Pedophilic disorder

A

Sexual gratification on the part of the adult through sexual contact with prepubescent children
- must have at least 5 year age gap
- perpetrator must be 16+
- child must be <13

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23
Q

Behavior treatment for paraphilias

A

Stimulus satiation
Orgasmic reconditioning
Covert sensitization
Medication

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24
Q

Stimulus sensation

A

Exposure to paraphilic stimuli immediately after orgasm (only when not aroused)

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25
Q

Orgasmic reconditioning

A

Switch to normative sexual fantasies or material right before orgasm

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26
Q

Covert sensitization

A

Imagine worst possible scenario during arousal

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27
Q

Gender dysphoria

A

Marked in congruence between ones experienced/expressed gender and assigned gender
- causes substantial distress
- desire to live as experienced gender

28
Q

Schizophrenia

A

Psychotic disorder in which deterioration of functioning is marked by severe symptoms related to
- deficits in cognition and language
- distorted perception
- abnormal mood
- bizarre behavior

29
Q

Delusions of persecution

A

Belief that someone is being targeted or harmed by others despite lack of evidence

30
Q

Delusions of control

A

belief that ones thoughts, actions, emotions or perceptions are controlled by another person, spirit, machine, or unknown force

31
Q

Delusion of reference

A

Belief that someone believes that ordinary events have special meaning that personal to them

32
Q

Delusions of grandeur

A

False belief that someone has exceptional wealth, power, or identity

33
Q

Delusions of sin and guilt

A

An extreme feeling of remorse or the belief that one has committed an unpardonable sin

34
Q

Loose associations

A

Ideas jump from one to another, leading the person further and further away from the original topic

35
Q

Poverty of content

A

Poor communication despite correct grammar and adequate vocabulary

36
Q

Neologisms

A

The use of new words and phrases, often formed by combining parts of two or more regular words that have little if any translation
“Littlehood” “goodship”

37
Q

Clanging

A

The pairing of words that have no relation to one
another beyond the fact that they rhyme or sound
alike

38
Q

Word salad

A

Words and phrases are combined in what appears
to be a completely disorganized fashion

39
Q

Blunted affect

A

Patient shows little emotion

40
Q

Flat affect

A

Patient showed no emotions

41
Q

Inappropriate affect

A

The expression of emotions unsuitable to the situation

42
Q

Avolition

A

Lack of motivation or inability to initiate goal directed behaviors

43
Q

Breakdown of selective attention

A

Inability to confine extraneous data to the edge of
consciousness

44
Q

Hallucination

A

Perceptions that occur in the absence of any
appropriate external stimuli

45
Q

Stereotypy

A

The act of engaging in purposeless behaviors
repetitively over long periods of time

46
Q

Catatonic behavior

A

Lack of movement

47
Q

Social withdrawal

A

The lack of attention to or interest in the goings-
on of the external world

48
Q

The prodromal phase

A

The gradual deterioration of functioning before
any clearly psychotic symptoms appear

49
Q

The active phase

A

Patient begins showing prominent psychotic
symptoms

50
Q

The residual phase

A

– Gradual recovery
– Behavior is similar to that of the prodromal phase

51
Q

The Dopamine Hypothesis

A

schizophrenia is associated with excess activity in the parts
of the brain that use dopamine as a neurotransmitter

52
Q

The cognitive perspective

A

biology sets the stage for the disorder, perhaps
leading to loose associations and deficits in selective
attention
Then, dysfunctional Interpretations of strange experiences
contribute to certain symptoms

53
Q

Personality disorder

A

An enduring pattern of inner experience and
behavior that deviates markedly from the
expectations of the individual’s culture, and that is
• Pervasive and inflexible
• Has an onset in adolescence or early adulthood
• Maladaptive and/or cause serious personal distress

54
Q

Paranoid personality disorder

A

A pervasive distrust and suspiciousness of others
- Expects that others will seek to harm, deceive or exploit
- Preoccupied with potential disloyalty of others
- Reads hidden threatening meanings into benign remarks
- Hesitant to confide in others
- Bears grudges over even small issues
Few friends
Fringe groups – conspiracy
May involve an impairment in perceptual abilities (attributions)

55
Q

Schizotypal personality disorder

A

Acute discomfort with, and reduced capacity for, close
relationships as well as by cognitive or perceptual
distortions and eccentricities of behavior
• Odd beliefs/ Magical thinking – ESP, psychic powers
• Unusual speech patterns (metaphorical, circumstantial,
vague)
• Unusual perceptual experiences (e.g., illusions)
• Limited social connections and social anxiety
• Behavior or appearance that is odd, eccentric, or peculiar

56
Q

Schizoid personality disorder

A

Severely restricted range of emotions that is most
notably associated with social detachment
• Uninterested in social connections – prefers solitary
activities
• Limited range of emotional expression; seems detached
• Anhedonia
• Indifferent to praise/criticism of others

57
Q

Antisocial personality disorder

A

A pervasive pattern of disregard for and violation
of the rights of others
• History of behavior problems in childhood
• Lack of constancy and responsibility
– in relationships, employment, debts
• Irritability and aggressiveness
• Reckless and impulsive behavior
• Disregard for truth, law, social standards
• Serious lack of empathy or remorse

58
Q

Borderline personality disorder

A

A pattern of instability of interpersonal relationships, self-
image, and affects
– Difficulties in establishing a secure self-identity
• Rely on close relationships for sense of self
– Distrust of others and fear of abandonment
– Labile emotions and deficits in emotional control
• Perpetual state of crisis; anger outbursts
– Impulsive and self-destructive behavior
• Chronic suicidality

59
Q

Histrionic personality disorder

A

A pervasive pattern of excessive emotionality
and attention seeking as indicated by traits
such as:
– Desire to be center of attention
– Shows self-dramatization, theatricality, and exaggerated
expression of emotion.
• Rapidly shifting and shallow expression of emotions.
– Consistently uses physical appearance to draw attention to
self.
– Interaction with others is often characterized by
inappropriate sexually seductive or provocative behavior.
– Considers relationships to be more intimate than they
actually are.

60
Q

Narcissistic personality disorder

A

A grandiose sense of grandiosity (self-importance)
and lack of empathy
• A need to be admired
• Sense of entitlement and arrogant behavior
• Self-centered / lack of empathy for others
• Friends are chosen based on utility (exploitive)
– Often combined with periodic feelings of
inferiority

61
Q

Avoidant personality disorder

A

A pervasive pattern of social inhibition, feelings of inadequacy,
and hypersensitivity to negative evaluation
• Severely socially withdrawn
• Avoidant of any occupational or social situation with perceived risk of criticism or rejection
• Shows restraint within intimate relationships because of the fear of being shamed or ridiculed.
• Views self as socially inept, personally unappealing, or inferior to others.
• Is unusually reluctant to take personal risks or to engage in any new activities because they may prove embarrassing.
– Similar to social anxiety disorder but perhaps more pervasive and debilitating

62
Q

Dependent personality disorder

A

Excessive need to be taken care of that leads to
submissive and clinging behavior and fears of separation
• Relies on opinions and reassurance from others to make choices
• Needs others to assume responsibility for most major area of his or her life.
• Lack of confidence to undertake tasks or projects on their own
• Feels uncomfortable or helpless when alone because of exaggerated fears of being unable to care for himself or herself.
• Urgently seeks another relationship as a source of care and support when a close relationship ends

63
Q

Obsessive compulsive disorder

A

Excessive preoccupation with orderliness, perfectionism, and
control that is maladaptive
• preoccupied with details, rules, lists, organization, or schedules
• shows perfectionism that interferes with task completion
• excessively devoted to work/ productivity over leisure activities over-conscientious and inflexible about matters of morality / values
• reluctant to delegate tasks unless others will do it “their way”
• miserly spending style; hoarding money for future catastrophes
– Highly irritating to others; affects relationships

64
Q

Competency to stand trial

A

– Questions the Defendant’s mental state at the time of the trial
– Ability to assist legal counsel at the time of the trial and understand charges against them

65
Q

The insanity defense

A
  • Defendant admits to having committed the crime
    – Pleads not guilty due to mental disturbance
    – Claims he or she was not morally responsible at the time of the crime
66
Q

Civil commitment

A

Individuals who have been admitted involuntarily to a psychiatric facility because others decided they were disturbed enough to require hospitalization

67
Q

Multiple relationship

A

when a psychologist is in a professional role with a person and
(1) at the same time is in another role with the same person,
(2) at the same time is in a relationship with a person closely associated with or related to the person with whom the psychologist has the professional relationship, or
(3) promises to enter into another relationship in the future with the person or a person closely associated with or related to the person.

Abnormal Psych (3 decks)

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