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a/p 1 > exam 3 > Flashcards

exam 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

cranial

A

towards the head

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2
Q

caudal

A

towards the tail

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3
Q

dorsal

A

towards the back (spine)

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4
Q

rostral

A

towards the nose

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5
Q

latteral

A

away from the midline

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6
Q

distal

A

further away from the body

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7
Q

plantar

A

the back of the foot

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8
Q

abduction

A

movement away from the body

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9
Q

adduction

A

movement towards the body

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10
Q

anatomy is

A

the study of the body

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11
Q

physiology is

A

the study of body function

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12
Q

homeostasis is

A

is process of adapting to the external environment

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13
Q

4 basic functions of cell

A

respirate
digestion
reproduction
movement

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14
Q

matter is

A

anything that has space and mass

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15
Q

an atom is

A

the smallest unit of substance

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16
Q

a homegenius mixture contains

A

small particles that will not separate from the solvant if not shaken

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17
Q

suspension is

A

a specific type of heterogeneous particles that will separate from the solvent

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18
Q

covalent bonds are

A

strong bonds that that result from sharing electrons

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19
Q

three things that influence a rate of physiologic reaction

A

temperature
concentration
activation of energy

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20
Q

organic compound contain the element

A

carbon

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21
Q

what is considered universal solvant

A

water

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22
Q

carbohydrates primarily function to provide

A

energy

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23
Q

saturated fats come from

A

an animal

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24
Q

primary function of protein is

A

cell structure

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25
Q

ATP is

A

primary energy storage in the body

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26
Q

cytoplasm contain

A

all internal structure of cells exept the nucleus

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27
Q

95% of energy required by the cell is produced by

A

mitochandrea

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28
Q

cellular genetic material is composed of

A

DNA
RNA

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29
Q

fluid makes up

A

60% of adult animal body
80% of puppies and kittens
50% in geriatrics

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30
Q

without water death results in

A

2-4 days in dogs cats humans

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31
Q

electrolytes are

A

not equally distributed from the body

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32
Q

osmolality is

A

the measure of solutes in the fluid

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33
Q

miosis refers to

A

division of sex cells

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34
Q

three things that result in cellular mutation

A

dna
chemical exposure
radiation exposure

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35
Q

isotonic fluids contain

A

the same electrolytes in the same proportion as blood plasma

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36
Q

hypertonic fluid contains

A

more electrolytes in higher concentration than blood plasma

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37
Q

edema is

A

when there is more fluid that accumulates in the body tissue

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38
Q

dehydration at 10-15% results

A

in death

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39
Q

what are 4 tissue types

A

connective
epithelial
muscle
nervous

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40
Q

what are functions of epithelial tissue

A

protection
absorbes nutrients
sensory
filters biochemical substances

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41
Q

junction complexes are

A

flexible bonds that are between epithelial cells

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42
Q

functions of basal membrane

A

from a barrier between cell and a tissue
allows nutrient and waste diffusion in and out of the cell

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43
Q

cilia is

A

multiple hairlike projection that displays wave like motion

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44
Q

microvilla is

A

finger like projection that serve to increase surface

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45
Q

endocrine glands

A

release secretion into the blood stream
do not have ducts or tubules

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46
Q

exocrine glands

A

release secretions that act locally
have ducts or tubules

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47
Q

connective tissue is

A

vascular
contains greater percentage of of matrix than living cells
most abundant tissue type by weight

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48
Q

adipose tissue that plays a role in hibernating species is

A

brown adipose

49
Q

a specialized, very smooth connective tissue found in synovial joints is

A

hyaline cartilage

50
Q

the nonliving matrix of the specialized connective tissue blood consists of

A

plasma and platlets

51
Q

does cartilage heal rapidly

A

no

52
Q

mucus is made up of

A

water, electrolytes, protein

53
Q

skeletal muscle is classified as

A

striated voluntary

54
Q

smooth muscle classified as

A

non-striated involantary

55
Q

cardiac muscle classified as

A

striated involuntary

56
Q

nerve cells contain all except

A

intercalated disc

57
Q

the first step to healing process is

A

inflammation

58
Q

wound healing occurs

A

from edge to edge

59
Q

what are functions of integumantary system

A

protection
maintaining n body temperature
provides sensory input

60
Q

3 layers of the skin

A

dermis
epidermis
hypodermis

61
Q

structures in the dermis are

A

hair follicles
blood and lymph vessels
nerves

62
Q

phases of hair growth

A

anlagen
catagen
telogen

63
Q

what factors influence hair growth

A

light cycles
environmental temperature
hormone levels

64
Q

primary hair is

A

thicker, longer straiter hair produced from a cannine hair follicles

65
Q

sebascus gland

A

secrete sebum
may empty into hair follicle

66
Q

what do horns do

A

grow continuously
grow in males and females

67
Q

what do antlers do

A

grow in males
shed annually

68
Q

corium

A

provides nutrients for nail, hoof and horn tissue

69
Q

functions of a bone

A

protection
storage of minerals
production of calcium

70
Q

compact bone is

A

dense, strong outer layer of a bone

71
Q

Haversian canals are

A

canals that that run parrallel to the long axis of a bone that allow blood vessels to penetrate to deeper bone tissue

72
Q

volksman’s canals are;

A

canals that enter the bony matrix at right angles to the long axis of the bone

73
Q

epiphyseal plate is

A

cartilaginous band of tissue located near the end of long bones

74
Q

most blood cell production takes place in

A

red marrow

75
Q

the division of the skeletal system consisting of the skull, spine, ribs and sternum is the

A

axial skeleton

76
Q

how many bones are in the skull

A

37-38

77
Q

the hole at the base of the skull is called

A

foramen magnum

78
Q

three bones that are responsible for hearing are

A

malleus
incus
stapes

79
Q

the fibrocartilage sac located between vertebrae is an

A

intervertebral

80
Q

what is second cervical vertebra called

A

axis

81
Q

what does lumbar vertebrae have heavy vertebral bodies

A

to support abdominal organs

82
Q

the first sternabrae is called

A

manubrium

83
Q

the major weight baring bone of the upper forelimb is the

A

humerus

84
Q

the bone of the upper forelimb is the

A

ulna

85
Q

metacarpals and metatarsals bones are numbered from

A

medial to latteral

86
Q

in a cattle a body weight is carried on

A

2 digits

87
Q

the weight of bearing metacarpal bone in the horse is

A

cannon bone

88
Q

the small non weight bearing bone in the lower pelvic limb is

A

fibula

89
Q

what joint allows the greatest range of motion

A

ball and socket

90
Q

what are characteristics off muscle tissue

A

contractibility
excitability
extensibiity

91
Q

an antagonist muscle

A

opposes the agonist

92
Q

thoracic limb extensor muscle sometimes used for intramuscular injection

A

triceps brachii

93
Q

the pelvic limb muscle that is not used for intramuscular injections

A

biceps brachii

94
Q

what abdominal muscles involved in respiration

A

diaphragm
external intercostals
internal intercostals

95
Q

the primary neurotransmitter released into synaptic space is

A

acetylcholine

96
Q

what is the primary ion involved in muscle contraction

A

calcium

97
Q

anaerobic muscle contraction results in the production of

A

lactic acid

98
Q

sympathetic stimulation of cardiac muscle results in

A

increased heart rate

99
Q

visceral smooth muscle is

A

found in walls of stomach, intestines &uterus

100
Q

superficial

A

near the surface

101
Q

ventral

A

underneath on the animal (stomach)

102
Q

toward the midline

A

medial

103
Q

proximal

A

closer to the body

104
Q

three primary organic compounds in the body are

A

carbohydrates
fats
proteins

105
Q

matter is composed of what 3 elements

A

carbon hydrogen oxygen

106
Q

in the body electrolytes are

A

ionized salts

107
Q

ascites is

A

excessive fluid accumulation in the abdomen

108
Q

functions of skeletal system

A

support&structure
protection of internal structures
blood cell production
mineral storage

109
Q

the right atrium and right ventricle are responsible for

A

circulation to and from the lungs

110
Q

the left atrium and left ventricle are responsible for

A

circulation to the body

111
Q

the fibrous sac surrounding the heart

A

pericardium

112
Q

the middle layer of cardiac tissue is

A

myocardium

113
Q

the cavity in which heart is located

A

mediastinum

114
Q

vessels that branch off the aorta and bring oxygynated blood to the heart are

A

coronary artereis

115
Q

the active contraction phase of cardiac cycle is called

A

systole

116
Q

the volume of the blood ejected from the left ventricle over a unit of time is called

A

cardiac output

117
Q

which artery carries deoxygenated blood

A

pulmonary

118
Q

in dogs and cats pulses are frequntly palpated using

A

femoral artery

119
Q
A

a/p 1 (1 decks)

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