Exam 3 Flashcards
What are the rules to determine the oxidation state of an atom in hierarchical order?
1) Oxidation state for an atom in a free element = 0.
2) Oxidation state of a monoatomic ion = its charge.
3) The sum of the oxidation states in:
. A neutral molecule = 0
. An ion = the charge of the ion
4) In their compounds, metals have positive oxidation states.
. Group A –> +1
. Group 2 –> +2
5) In their compounds we assign nonmetals oxidation states following this order:
F(-1), H(+1), O(-2), G7A(-1), G6A (-2), G5A (-3)
What types of compounds are considered strong electrolytes?
Strong acids, strong bases, and soluble salts.
Are the oxidation and reduction agents reactants or products?
Reactants
What happens to electrons in REDOX reactions?
Oxidation
Is
Loss
Reduction
Is
Gain
How do you name an acid that only has hydrogen and another element?
Hydro + stem of other element + ic + acid
How do you name an acid that contains oxygen and ends in ate?
Root of anion + ic + acid
E.g., H2SO4
Sulfuric acid
How do you name an acid that contains oxygen and ends in ite?
Root of anion + ous + acid
E.g., H2SO3
Sulfurous acid
What does a double arrow mean in a aqueous reaction?
The compound dissolving is a weak electrolyte that is partially dissociated in water.
What type of reaction takes in energy?
Endothermic
When is enthalpy = heat?
when pressure is constant.
What does the standard enthalpy of formation represent?
The formation of one mole of the compound from their elements at their standard states.
What is Boyle’s law? and when it it applicable?
P1V1=P2V2
(P and V are inversely related–> e.g, if the volume is halved then pressure doubles)
It’s applicable when temperature and amount of gas (moles) are constant.
What is Charles’s law? and when is it applicable?
V1/T1 = V2/T2
(T and V are directly related)
It’s applicable when Pressure and amount of gas (moles) are constant.
What is Avogadro’s law? and when is it applicable?
V1/n1 = V2/n2
(n and V are directly related)
It’s applicable when Temperature and Pressure are constant.
What is the combines gas law?
P1V1/T1 = P2V2/T2
