Exam 3 Flashcards
What is nephrolithiasis?
Kidney stone disease
A condition where solid material or kidney stones form in the Urinary tract is _________
Nephrolithiasis
A client suffering from nephrolithiasis, constipation, and osteoporosis would show ____________ on their blood test
high calcium levels
What are the layers on epidermis?
Deepest to most superficial
Stratum básale
Stratum spinosum
Stratum granulosum
Stratum lucidum
Stratum corneum
Which cell in the epidermis has an immunological function?
Dendritic Cells
A special type of immune cell that is found in tissues, such as the skin, and boosts immune responses by showing antigens on its surface to other cells of the immune system
Dendritic cells
A special type of immune cell that is found in tissues, such as the skin, and boosts immune responses by showing antigens on its surface to other cells of the immune system
Dendritic cells
A ________ is a type of phagocytes and a type of antigen presenting cells
Dendritic cells
A ________ is a type of phagocytes and a type of antigen presenting cells
Dendritic cells
The deepest layer of the dermis is?
Reticular layer
What is the thick layer of the Dermis?
The reticular layer
The reticular layer is made up of
Dense connective tissue, collagen type I and some elastic fibers scattered throughout
What does the reticular layer contain ?
blood vessels
hair follicles
oil
sweat glands
lymphatics nerves
fat cells
Power house of the cell
Mitochondria
Power house of the cell
Mitochondria
WhT organelle is responsible for energy production?
Mitochondria
The phases of mitosis is
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
cytokinesis
Prophase
Is the first stage of mitoses
The process the separates duplicated genetics
Epithelium types
Simple
stratified
squamous
cuboidal
columnar
Mechanoreceptors found in the dermis and are sensitive to deep pressure and vibration are called
Pacinian corpuscles
What is the function of the Pacinian corpuscles?
Pacinian corpuscles are sensory receptors for vibration and deep pressure and are essential for proprioception
Simple cuboidal epithelium is found in
glandular tissue and in the kidney tubules
Simple columnar epithelium lines the
Stomach and intestines
The type of epithelial cells make up the majority of cells found in the integument system
Stratified Squamous Epithelial
Connective Tissue is
Hyaline cartilage
Blood is what type of tissue
Connective tissue
Blood has 4 main components
Plasma
Red blood cells
White blood cells and platelets
The layer of the epidermis consisting of a up to 30 layers of dead, scaly, keratinized cells that are resistant to abrasion, penetration, and water loss
Stratum corneum
Functions of the skeletal system
Support
Protection
Movement
Blood cell production
Mineral homeostasis
Triglyceride storage
Osteoblasts are
Bone forming cells
Types of Osteocytes
Lacuna
Lamellae
Canaliculi
Osteoclasts are
Bone dissolving cells found on the bone surface
_____ develope from the bone marrow stem cell
Osteoclasts
What are the shapes on bones?
Long bones
Short bones
Flat bones
Irregular bones
Sesamoid bones
Flat bones examples include
Cranial (skull) bones
Scapulae (shoulder blades)
Sternum (breastbone)
Costal/ribs
What bone serves as points of attachment for muscles and often protect internal organs
Flat bones
The hypodermis, also known as _________
subcutaneous tissue
Endochondral ossification replaces ___________ tissue with bone
hyaline cartilage
What are examples of apocrine glands?
Mammary glands
The epidermis is composed of ________
Stratified Keratinized Squamous Epithelium
Where can thick skin be found
The palms of the hands and soles of the feet
The most abundant in the human body
Sebaceous Glands/Sweat Glands
The most abundant keratinocytes are located in the?
Epidermis
The carpal bone is an example of a
Short bone
Which bone cell is responsible for “building up” the matrix of bone
Osteoblast
The sternum is which type of bone?
Flat bone
Replaces hyaline cartilage tissue with bone tissue
Endochondral ossification
Replaces hyaline cartilage tissue with bone tissue
Endochondral ossification
The connective tissue covering the medullary cavity of long bones
Endosteum
bone cells facilitate an increase in the diameter of long bones during bone remodeling
Osteoclast
List five functions of the skeletal system
• Shape to the body
• Movement
• Hematopoiesis/Anabolism of blood
cells
• Protection for your organs
• Stores Minerals/Hydroxyapatite
Which of the following is NOT part of the Appendicular skeleton?
Humerus
Skull
Scapula
Pelvis
Humerus
The pubis, ilium, ischium, and the sacrum make up the pelvic girdle
Sacrum
Gout is caused by excessive build up of
Uric acid
The range of motion permitted by a synathrosis joint is
Immobility
The functional classification of the shoulder joint
Diarthrosis
The functional classification of the Amphiarthrosis
intervertebral disc joint
Amoniarthrosis
Synchondroses is structurally classified as a
Cartilaginous joint
List five functions of the integumentary system
Protect the body’s tissues and organs
Protects against infections and foreign invaders
Keeps the body from becoming dehydrated (by storing water)
Helps to maintain a stable body temperature
Transports and gets rid of waste materials
Thin skin
Covers most of the body’s surface
________ is a substance in your body that produces hair, eye and skin pigmentation
Melanin
_______ is a disease that causes loss of skin color in patches
Vitiligo
is a condition in which the skin, sclera (whites of the eyes) and membranes turn yellow
Jaundice
Name the stages of bone repair in order
The inflammatory
Reparative
remodeling
What layer of the skin is implicated in level one skin burn and what layer of the skin is implicated in level four skin burn?
First-degree burns affect only the epidermis, or outer layer of skin. The burn site is red, painful, dry, and with no blisters. Mild sunburn a level four damages all skin layers can cau effect To mucels, joint and bone
