Exam 3 Flashcards
which carpal bone is the most fractured bone?
scaphoid
If someone has carpal tunnel syndrome what nerve is affected?
-Median nerve
-transverse carpal ligament and carpal bones compress
-does not involve pinky but half of ring finger
wrist drop is what nerve?
radial nerve
what nerve go through the tunnel of Guyon?
Ulnar nerve
also known as the Ulnar Tunnel Syndrome
if the ulnar nerve is involved, which part of your hand is affected?
The pinky and half of the ring finger
If the radian nerve is impinged, there are several names for it.
-Honeymoon palsy
-Saturday night palsy
-crutch palsy
-radial nerve palsy
Lateral epicondylitis
○ Inflammation or repetitive stress at the lateral
epicondyle
○ Swelling
○ Tender to palpate
○ Pain with wrist extension
○ “Tennis elbow”
Test for lateral epicondylalgia (Tennis Elbow)
○ Position: seated with tested elbow flexed 90 degrees, forearm flexed 90 degrees, and the fingers flexed. applying force at the lateral epicondyle
Cubitus valgus
elbow goes in medially
Cubitus varum
elbow goes out laterally
Cubital recurvatum
elbow hyperextension
4 shoulder joints
○ Acromioclavicular
○ Glenohumeral
○ Sternoclavicular
○ Scapulothoracic articulation
To accomplish 180 degrees of glenohumeral elevation
○ 120 degrees from GH movement
○ 60 degrees from scapula
○ 2:1
Snuff-box
○ Medial border: tendon of the extensor pollicis longus
○ Lateral border: tendons of the extensor pollicis brevis
and abductor pollicis longus
○ Floor: carpal bones: scaphoid and trapezium
What bones you can palpate in the snuff box?
scaphoid and trapezium
Cubital Fossa
○ Brachichioradialis laterally
○ Pronator teres medially
○ Brachial artery runs through and subdivides into the
radial and ulnar arteries
What nerve runs through the middle of the cubital fossa?
median nerve and musculocutaneous nerve
SITS muscles
○ Supraspinatus: abduction
○ Infraspinatus: external rotation
○ Teres minor: external rotation
○ Subscapularis: internal rotation
Olecranon Bursitis
○ Inflammation of elbow
○ Student’s elbow
○ Miner’s elbow
○ Draftsman’s elbow
Medial epicondylitis
○ “Little leaguer’s elbow”
○ Neuropathy of the ulnar nerve
Arthrokinematics: shoulder abduction
head of humerus glides inferiorly
Arthrokinematics: shoulder flexion
head of humerus glides posteriorly up to 90 degrees then glides inferiorly to 90 degrees..
Arthrokinematics: shoulder external rotation
head of humerus glides anteriorly as it rolls posteriorly.
Arthrokinematics: shoulder internal rotation
head of humerus glides posteriorly as it rolls anteriorly.
Arthrokinematics: shoulder extension
head of humerus glides anteriorly and medially
Handlebar Palsy (Guyon’s canal syndrome)
○ Ulnar nerve: between pisiform and hamate
○ Tingling in little finger and progresses to weakness in
intrinsic hand muscles
○ Weakens power grip
Shoulder vs Hip
Shoulder has more mobility than stability
Most dislocated joint of the body
Shoulder
SLAP
○ Superior
○ Labrum
○ Anterior
○ Posterior
2 shoulder test that look familiar
○ AcromioClavicular traction: scapula and humerus drops (sprain of acromioclavicular
ligament or coracoclavicular ligament)
○ Sulcus sign: humerus drops (superior GH ligament torn)
Colle’s fracture
○ Fracture of the radius just above the wrist.
○ Result of a fall with wrist extended
Terrible triad
○ Dislocation
○ Fracture of radial head
○ Fracture of coronoid process
Shoulder impingement
Supraspinatus tendon
Shoulder subluxation
Happens during stroke
Ganglion cyst
Check distal radius and ulna
Elbow valgus stress test
Sprain of ulnar collateral ligament
Elbow varus stress test
damage to radial collateral ligament
Gerber Lift Off Test
-subscapularis pathology
(+) If the hand is unable to lift from the spine.
-standing with humerus internally rotated
Acromioclavicular traction test
torn or sprained AC or coracoclavicular ligament
(+) the humerus and scapula move inferior to clavicle
-standing or sitting
Anterior Apprehension Test
-test for GH Laxity
(+) apprehension or pain in maybe the anterior capsule, anterior labrum, inferior GH
-supine, sitting, standing
Posterior Apprehension Test
-test for GH laxity
(+) if the shoulder displays apprehension in maybe the posterior capsule or posterior labrum and produces muscles guarding to prevent the shoulder from subluxating posteriorly.
Sulcus Sign Test
-test for inferior GH laxity
(+) humerus move away from scapula.
-sitting
Neers Shoulder Impingement Test
-used test for impingement in the long head of bicep or supraspinatus
(+) pain in the anterior or posterior shoulder
-sitting or standing
Hawkins Shoulder Impingement Test
-used test for impingement in the long head of bicep or supraspinatus
(+) pain with motion, near end of ROM
Speeds Test
-test for long head of bicep brachii tendinopathy
-sitting or standing
(+) pain along the long head of the biceps brachii tendon
Obrien’s Test
- used to test for SLAP lesion or AC joint pathology
(+) pain is experienced during internal rotation but decreased during external rotation.
GRIND Test
-test for SLAP lesion
-supine
(+) pain or snapping
Phalen’s Test
-test carpal tunnel syndrome
-standing
(+) tingling develops or increases.
Heberden’s nodes
small bony growth that appears closest to the tip of the finger.
Pulse location at wrist?
the radial pulse is felt on the wrist, just under the thumb.
