Exam 3

Question 1

Wear-and-tear theory of _________ suggests that mechanical functions of the body work less efficiently as people age.

Answer 1

aging

Question 2

___________ theory of aging suggests that successful aging is characterized by maintaining the interests and activities of earlier stages of life.

Answer 2

Activity

Question 3

_________ is defined as the communication of information through symbols arranged according to systematic rules.

Answer 3

Language

Question 4

According to the James-Lange theory of emotion, emotional experience is a reaction to bodily events occurring as a result of an __________ situation.

Answer 4

External

Question 5

__________ approaches to motivation suggest people and animals are born preprogrammed with sets of behaviors essential to their survival.

Answer 5

Instinct

Question 6

Drive-reduction approaches to motivation are theories suggesting that a lack of some basic biological ________ produces a drive to push an organism to satisfy that need.

Answer 6

Need

Question 7

The ________ approach to motivation suggests that if levels of stimulation and activity are too low, people will try to increase them by seeking stimulation.

Answer 7

Arousal

Question 8

Intellectual disability in which no apparent biological defect exists but there is a history of it in the family is known as ___________ intellectual disability.

Answer 8

Familial

Question 9

__________________ psychology primarily studies the patterns of growth and change that occur throughout life.

Answer 9

Developmental

Question 10

According to the facial-feedback hypothesis facial expressions can actually ________ our emotional experience.

Answer 10

Determine

Question 11

According to Gardner’s theory of multiple intelligences, human beings have a minimum of _______ different forms of intelligence.

Answer 11

Eight

Question 12

The “strange situation” experiment designed by ____________ aims to classify the attachment behavior of toddlers.

Answer 12

Mary Ainsworth

Question 13

The first real intelligence tests were developed by _________.

Answer 13

Alfred Binet

Question 14

Germinal, ________, and fetal accurately reflects the order of the stages of prenatal development.

Answer 14

Embryonic

Question 15

_________ intelligence is the set of skills that underlie the accurate assessment, evaluation, expression, and regulation of one’s mental state.

Answer 15

Emotional

Question 16

The ability to generate original ideas or solve problems in novel ways is known as ___________.

Answer 16

Creativity

Question 17

________ is defined as a sudden awareness of the relationship among problem elements that had previously appeared to be independent of one another.

Answer 17

Insight

Question 18

A _____________ is the most typical or highly representative example of a concept.

Answer 18

Prototype

Question 19

_______ intelligence reflects the ability to think logically, reason abstractly, and solve problems.

Answer 19

Fluid

Question 20

________ motivation causes individuals to participate in an activity for their own enjoyment rather than for any actual or concrete reward.

Answer 20

Intrinsic

Question 21

___________ can be defined as mental groupings of similar objects, events, or people.

Answer 21

Concepts

Question 22

___________________ is the study of the speech sounds in a language.

Answer 22

Phonology

Question 23

When people remember, reconsider, and evaluate what has occurred in the past, they engage in a process called life ________.

Answer 23

review

Question 24

Availability ________ is judging the probability of an event occurring on the basis of how easy it is to think of and remember examples.

Answer 24

Heuristic

Question 25

___________ reasoning in which people draw a conclusion from the specific to the general is known as inductive reasoning.

Answer 25

Formal

Question 26

A rule that guarantees the solution to a problem when it is correctly applied is termed as a(n) _______________.

Answer 26

Algorithm

Question 27

According to the Cannon-Bard theory of emotion, both _____________ arousal and emotional experience are produced simultaneously by the same nerve stimulus.

Answer 27

Physiological

Question 28

___________ approaches to motivation are theories suggesting that motivation stems from the desire to attain external rewards.

Answer 28

Incentive

Question 29

According to Sternberg, intelligence related to overall success in living is known as _________ intelligence.

Answer 29

Practical

Question 30

_____________-versus-stagnation stage occurs in middle adulthood when adults take stock of our contributions to family and society.

Answer 30

GENERATIVITY