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Psychopharmacology > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

PCPA

A

Irreversible inhibition of TPH

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2
Q

L-DOPA

A

Acts as a precursor to DA, increases synthesis

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3
Q

AMPT

A

Blocks TH, reduces synthesis

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4
Q

Reserpine

A

irreversible, blocks the action of VMAT leading to depletion of 5-HT, DA, and NE and leads to behavioral depression and sedation, can be rescued by administering DOPA

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5
Q

VMAT1

A

Adrenals

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6
Q

VMAT2

A

Int the brain, packages monoamines into vesicles

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7
Q

VAChT

A

packages ACh into vesicles

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8
Q

Vesamicol

A

Stops ACh from getting into vesicles

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9
Q

Paracholroamphetamine

A

drug based on the structure of amphetamine that can stimulate 5-HT release

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10
Q

MDMA/Ecstasy

A

a synthetic amphetamine that effects the release of 5-HT by blocking/reversing SERT (and DAT) and interrupting VMAT2

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11
Q

Fenfluramine

A

based on the structure of amphetamine, a dietary suppressant that blocks/reverses SERT and interupts VMAT2

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12
Q

Single-spiking mode

A

DA firing pattern where action potentials occur at irregular intervals (tonic release)

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13
Q

Burst mode

A

trains of 2-20 spikes at higher frequency (phasic release) lead to transmitter release that is faster than it can be cleared from the synapse, causes EPSP

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14
Q

Varicosities

A

Along the lengths of axons, swellings filled with NT vesicles

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15
Q

Amphetamine (adderall)

A

Blocks reuptake of DA and NE

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16
Q

Methylphenidate (ritalin)

A

blocks reuptake of DA and NE

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17
Q

Tricyclic antidepressants

A

Blocks NE and 5-HT transporters

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18
Q

Cocaine

A

blocks reuptake of all three monoamines

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19
Q

Hemicholinium-3

A

Inhibitor of the choline transporter

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20
Q

5-HIAA

A

Serotonin metabolite

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21
Q

HVA

A

DA metabolite

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22
Q

MHPG

A

NE metabolite in CNS

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23
Q

VMA

A

NE metabolite in PNS

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24
Q

AChE G4

A

soluble enzyme that can float inside of cells

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25
Q

AChE membrane-bound G4

A

anchored in membrane by tether

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26
Q

AChE A12 form

A

found in neuromuscular junction; collagen tail embeds enzyme into extracellular matrix

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27
Q

Nigrostriatal tract

A

DA axons ascend from substantial nigra to the dorsal striatum; related to motor control and habit formation

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28
Q

Mesolimbic dopamine pathway

A

VTA to limbic system, nucleus accumbens (ventral striatum); reward pathway

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29
Q

Mesocortical dopamine pathway

A

VTA to cortex

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30
Q

Tuberohypophyseal DA path

A

connections from hypothalamus to pituitary gland; regulate the release of hormones

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31
Q

6-OHDA lesions

A

Damage DA pathways

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32
Q

Raphe nuclei

A

dorsal raphe nucleus and median raphe nucleus give rise to most of the seratonergic fibers in the forebrain

33
Q

Cholinergic PNS neuromuscular junction

A

causes muscles to contract

34
Q

Cholingergic PNS ANS

A

interneurons for both sympathetic and parasympathetic; activating NT for parasympathetic at organs

35
Q

Cholinergic CNS Striatum

A

Interneurons for movement regulation

36
Q

Cholinergic CNS Basal forebrain

A

innervation of cortex, hippocampus, and amygdala; plays a role in cognition (memory and learning)

37
Q

Cholinergic CNS LDTg and PPTg

A

REM sleep facilitation

38
Q

5-HT3

A

Ionotropic

39
Q

5-HT1A autoreceptor

A

auto receptor on soma in raphe nuclei

40
Q

5-HT1A postsynaptic receptor

A

Hippocampus, amygdala, cortex, septum, BNST

41
Q

5-HT1B or 5-HT1D

A

auto receptors on the terminal

42
Q

5-HT2A

A

agonism produces hallucinogenic effects

43
Q

Desensitization

A

caused by prolonged excitation, receptor becomes inactive; re-sensitizes passively

44
Q

Depolarization block

A

after prolonged depolarization the membrane potential is lost

45
Q

Sinemet

A

L-DOPA + carbidopa (peripheral inhibition of AADC); used to treat Parkinsons

46
Q

Apomorphine

A

D1 and D2 agonist; causes behavioral activation

47
Q

Quinpirole

A

D2/D3 receptor agonist; increases locomotion

48
Q

Haloperidol and SCH22390

A

D2 antagonist that causes catalepsy

49
Q

Aripiprazole

A

antagonist on the postsynaptic neuron and agonist on presynaptic neuron

50
Q

NE locus coeruleus

A

behavioral arousal/vigilance and enhancement of memory

51
Q

NE PVN

A

stimulation of feeding

52
Q

NE ANS

A

Control of internal organs

53
Q

Yohimbine

A

competitive alpha2 antagonist; increases opioid withdrawal symptoms

54
Q

Clonidine

A

alpha2 agonist; helps with opioid withdrawal, can treat hypertension

55
Q

Phenylephrine

A

alpha1 agonist injected into lateral hypothalamic area that increased awake time in rats; had an additive effect with beta agonist isoproterenol

56
Q

Clonidine or guanfacine

A

enhanced working memory in monkeys

57
Q

Midodrine and metaraminol

A

alpha1 agonists that treat hypotension

58
Q

Prazosin

A

alpha1 antagonist; treats hypertension by dilating blood vessels

59
Q

Alpha stimulation

A

constricts blood vessels in internal organs

60
Q

Beta stimulation

A

Relaxes smooth muscles of the lungs

61
Q

Albuterol and levalbuterol

A

beta2 agonists that treat asthma and COPD

62
Q

Propranolol

A

beta antagonist that treats hypertension, GAD and PTSD

63
Q

5-HT behavioral effects; mood; depression

A

depressed mood rated greater after dietary depletion of tryptophan

64
Q

5-HT behavioral effects; mood; anxiety

A

5HT1A KOs increased anxiety like behavior; ontogenetic excitation of dBNST decreases anxiety behavior and vice versa

65
Q

5-HT behavioral effects; mood; aggression

A

aggression increased in TPH2 knockout mice

66
Q

Fen-Phen

A

weight loss drug that caused hypertension and heart valve problems

67
Q

NPY neurons

A

release alpha-MSH hormone that agonizes MC3/4 receptors in PVN; causes anorexigenic effects

68
Q

AgRP neurons

A

release AgRP that blocks effect of alpha-MSH on MC3/4 receptors causing orexigenic effects

69
Q

Lorcaserin

A

selective 5-HT2C agonist; developed for the treatment of obesity

70
Q

PNS muscarinic receptors

A

heart slows (M2) but smooth muscles contract (M3)

71
Q

role of M5 receptors in morphine reward

A

have a role in activating the reward pathway; administering an M5 negative allosteric modulator decreases voluntary ethanol consumption in rats

72
Q

Atropine

A

competitive antagonist at M1-M5, stop muscles from contracting; can be used to avoid lethal effects of AChE inhibitors

73
Q

Immunotoxin 192 IgG-saporin

A

binds selectively to Ash neurons and causes degeneration; suggests ACh is involved in attention

74
Q

Physostigmine

A

AChE inhibitor leading to depolarization block

75
Q

Neostygmine and pyridostigmine

A

treats myasthenia gravis, allowing diminished muscle response to be enhanced

76
Q

Sarin

A

permanent AChE inhibitors

77
Q

Midazolam

A

defense against seizures

78
Q

Oximes

A

breaks phosphorylated bond with AChE

79
Q
A

Psychopharmacology (2 decks)

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