Exam 3 Flashcards
A molecule that carries information from the DNA specifying a polypeptide to ribosomes.
A. Transcription
B. Translation
C. mRNA
D. DNA
E. Polypeptide
C. mRNA
The synthesis of an RNA copy of a gene.
A. Translation
B. mRNA
C. DNA
D. Transcription
E. Polypeptide
D. Transcription
The synthesis of a specific sequence of amino acids on a ribosome.
A. mRNA
B. Polypeptide
C. DNA
D. Translation
E. Transcription
D. Translation
A molecule found in the nucleus of a cell that contains the cells genome ________.
A. Translation
B. DNA
C. mRNA
D. Transcription
E. Polypeptide
B. DNA
A molecule made of amino acids that corresponds to the genetic information in a structural gene.
A. Polypeptide
B. DNA
C. Translation
D. Transcription
E. mRNA
A. Polypeptide
A wild-type (normal) strain will grow on minimal medium
True or False
True
A mutant for gene c will grow on minimal medium + intermediate 2.
True or False
False
A mutant for gene b will grow on minimal medium + intermediate 2.
True or False
True
A mutant for gene a will grow on minimal medium + the essential molecule.
True or False
True
Which of the following best describes transcription?
DNA to RNA
Which of the following best describes translation?
RNA to Protein
Place the following events of transcription in the correct order:
- RNA polymerase binds to promoter
- RNA is synthesized in the 5’ to 3’ direction
- DNA is unwound, forming an open complex
- RNA polymerase reaches the terminator
- The new mRNA is released
- RNA polymerase binds to promoter
- DNA is unwound, forming an open complex
- RNA is synthesized in the 5’ to 3’ direction
- RNA polymerase reaches the terminator
- The new mRNA is released
The terminator of a gene is located upstream of the coding region.
True or False
False
Arrange the steps in RNA splicing
- Lariat is formed
- U2 binds to branch site
- 3’ splice site is cut
- U2 binds to branch site
- Lariat is formed
- 3’ splice site is cut
A cap is added to the 5’ end of eukaryotic mRNA, a poly-A tail is added to their 3’ end, and each usually specifies only a single protein.
True or False
True
What happens at the E site?
Transfer RNA is released
Peptidyl transferase catalyze the formation of peptide bonds and it is present in the 50S ribosomal subunits.
True or False
True
The parts of chromosomes where the spindle apparatus will attach are called…….
A. Sister chromatids
B. Genome
C. Nucleus
D. Mitosis
E. Centromeres
F. Single-stranded DNA molecule
G. Homologous chromosomes
E. Centromeres
When a single chromosome has undergone DNA replication, it consists of two…….
A. Nucleus
B. Mitosis
C. Centromeres
D. Sister chromatids
E. Genome
F. Homologous chromosomes
G. Single-stranded DNA molecule
D. Sister chromatids
The human_____ consists of 23 pairs of chromosomes.
A. Single-stranded DNA molecules
B. Genome
C. Centromeres
D. Sister chromatids
E. Nucleus
F. Homologous chromosomes
G. Mitosis
B. Genome
Each pair of human chromosomes (for example, two copies of chromosomes 17) is called a pair of______.
A. Sister chromatids
B. Genome
C. Mitosis
D. Single-stranded DNA molecules
E. Homologous chromosomes
F. Nucleus
G. Centromeres
E. Homologous chromosomes
The_____ phase is when most cell growth will occur; DNA is unreplicated.
A. M
B. First gap (G1)
C. Karyokinesis
D. Second gap (G2)
E. Synthesis (S)
B. First gap (G1)
During ______ phase, the genetic material undergoes replication.
A. First gap (G1)
B. Karyokinesis
C. M
D. Synthesis (S)
E. Second gap (G2)
D. Synthesis (S)
The _______ phase occurs between chromosome replication and mitosis.
A. Synthesis (S)
B. M
C. First gap (G1)
D. Karyokinesis
E. Second gap (G2)
E. Second gap (G2)
During ______ phase, the shortest phase, the cell undergoes both nuclear division (mitosis) followed by cell division) cytokinesis.
A. Karyokinesis
B. M
C. Second gap (G2)
D. First gap (G1)
E. Synthesis (S)
B. M
What is the order of the phases of the cell cycle?
G1 -> S -> G2 -> M
The division of the cytoplasm is called…
A. Synopsis
B. Mitosis
C. Meiosis
D. Cytokinesis
E. Cytogenetics
D. Cytokinesis
The success of DNA replication is assessed during the ______ phase.
A. G1
B. M
C. C
D. S
E. G2
E. G2
The cell cycle is regulated by checkpoints during the _____ phases.
A. G1, S and G2
B. G1, S and C
C. G1, G2 and M
D. G1, S and M
E. G1, S, G2 and M
C. G1, G2 and M
DNA repair enzymes will be highly active during which phase of the cell cycle?
A. G1
B. G2
C. Mitosis
D. Cytokinesis
E. Mitosis and Cytokinesis
B. G2
The activity of a ________ depends on interaction with a cyclin.
A. Cyclin-dependent kinase
B. Mitotic cyclin
C. Cyclin
D. Cycle
E. Checkpoint
A. Cyclin-dependent kinase
Just before mitosis, a _______ interacts with an appropriate cds to start M phase.
A. Cyclin-dependent kinase
B. Mitotic cyclin
C. Cyclin
D. Cycle
E. Checkpoint
B. Mitotic cyclin
After a cell enters S phase, the G1 ______ will be degraded.
A. Cyclin-dependent kinase
B. Mitotic cyclin
C. Cyclin
D. Cycle
E. Checkpoint
C. Cyclin
Cycling’s are named because their levels ______ during gap, S and M phases.
A. Cyclin-dependent kinase
B. Mitotic cyclin
C. Cyclin
D. Cycle
E. Checkpoint
D. Cycle
The point in the cell cycle at which conditions are assessed before continuing is called a ______.
A. Cyclin-dependent kinase
B. Mitotic cyclin
C. Cyclin
D. Cycle
E. Checkpoint
E. Checkpoint
In germline cells, when does DNA replicate?
A. During the G1 phase
B. During the S phase
C. Immediately proceeding prophase 1
D. During prophase 1
E. During the interkinesis, between telophase 1 and prophase 2
B. During the S phase
Sister chromatids separate in_______.
A. Mitosis and meiosis 1
B. Mitosis and meiosis 2
C. Meiosis 2 only
D. Meiosis 1 and meiosis 2
E. Mitosis, meiosis 1 and meiosis 2
B. Mitosis and meiosis 2
Random orientation of homologous chromosome occurs in ____ of meiosis.
A. Prophase 1
B. Metaphase 1
C. Anaphase 1
D. Prophase 2
E. Metaphase 2
B. Metaphase 1
The spindle apparatus is fully formed by the end of____.
A. Metaphase 2
B. Anaphase 2
C. Prophase 2
D. Prometaphase 2
E. Telophase 2
D. Prometaphase 2
Separation of ______ occurs in anaphase 2 of meiosis.
A. Nonhomologous chromosomes
B. Homologous chromosomes
C. Nonsister chromatids
D. Sister chromatids
E. The two nuclei
D. Sister chromatids
Which of the following causes an extra copy of a chromosomal region to occur?
A. Inversion
B. Duplication
C. Deletion
D. Simple translocation
E. Reciprocal translocation
B. Duplication
When a chromosome is broken in two places and reconnected so that a region is flipped from the normal order, this is called____.
A. Inversion
B. Duplication
C. Deletion
D. Simple translocation
E. Reciprocal translocation
A. Inversion
Which of the following is unique to meiosis?
A. Nuclear membrane breaks down
B. DNA organizes into chromosomes
C. Crossing-over
D. Chromosomes align along the central plate of the cell
E. None of the above are correct
C. Crossing-over
Chromosome duplication occurs prior to both mitosis and meiosis.
True or False
True
How many bivalents are formed in a cell with 20 chromosomes at the beginning of meiosis 2?
A. 1
B. 5
C. 10
D. 20
E. 40
C. 10
