Exam 3 Flashcards
what can an RN not delegate?
assessment, evaluation, nursing process
what are the top 5 mistakes a nurse makes?
- medication errors
- infection issues
- charting or documentation errors
- calling for help without the right information on hand
- falling accidents involving patients
what diet do we use for HTN?
DASH diet: low salt, low fat
protein-restricted diet
- used to treat renal and liver disease
- important that we supplement with the essential amino acids
renal diet
- used to treat AKI and CKD
- most clients need to restrict fluieds
- controlled amounts of nutrients may be prescribed
foods high in potassium
avocado, bananas, carrots, fish, oranges, potatoes, raisins, spinach, strawberries, tomatoes
what kind of diet do we want if the patient is on warfarin?
- avoid vitamin K
- restrict leafy greens, brussel sprouts, red cabbage
- avoid alcohol, grapefruit juice, green tea, cranberry juice
low-purine diet
- for gout
- restrict foods such as anchovies, herring, mackerel, sardines, glandular meats, gravies, meat extracts, goose
high-iron diet
- take with OJ
- foods include organ meats, egg yolks, whole-wheat products, green leafy vegetables, dried fruit
what do we want to make sure to do with a patient receiving enteral nutrition?
elevate the HOB to at least 30 degrees to prevent aspiration
what drugs do we give for vasoconstriction?
levophed or epi
what do we give to get the HR up?
atropine
best GCS score
15
8 or below ~ intubate
if your patient was alert and suddenly becomes lethargic what should you do?
call a rapid
what kind of stroke do we not give tpa with?
hemorrhagic, can cause more bleeding
what is the first thing you do with someone having a seizure?
turn them to their side
if someone comes in with chest pain, jaw pain, and they are in distress, what can we expect to implement?
- oxygen
- troponin lab (MI)
- BNP (HF)
- high-fowlers
- MONA (morphine, nitro, oxygen, aspirin)
if a patient has an MI, what will the EKG show?
ST elevation
if a patient has no pulse and no RR but the EKG shows activity, what do we do?
they are in PEA; start CPR and call rapid
if your patient is in v fib, what is likely the treatment?
defib
drug of choice used in CPR
epi
cushing’s triad
increased BP, low HR, low RR ~ from increased ICP
if you are considering tpa for a stroke, what are important things that you need to know?
- know if it is hemorrhagic or ischemic ~ get a CT scan
- last known time normal: can be given 3-4 hours (depending on hospital protocol)
risk factor for embolic stroke
a fib
what is the lab marker for a stroke?
CKBB
what does v fib look like?
chaotic
what does v tach look like?
large waves
normal EF
50-70%
CO =
HR x SV
reversal for heparin
protamine sulfate
reversal for warfarin
vitamin k
reversal for opiates
naloxone (narcan)
reversal for benzos
flumazenil (romazicon)
what does adenosine do?
decreases HR
what does nitro do?
vasodilates (opens vessels)
what do beta-blockers do to the HR?
decrease it
what does orthopneic mean?
tripod positioning
airborne precaution disease
TB, SARS, varicella, measles, COVID
what can PVCs lead to?
VT which can lead to VF
what tests are important to obtain in a patient with CHF?
BNP and EF
treatment order for SVT
- vagal maneuvers
- adenosine
- give fast flush (6,12,12)
treatment for bradycardia
atropine and tc pacer
what labs do we look at for HIV/AIDS?
CD4/t lymphocytes
normal UO
1-2 mL/kg/hr or 30 mL/hr
what does a CAUTI have to do with?
a foley
what does a CLABSI have to do with?
a central line
