Exam 3

Question 1

The total of all chemical reaction occurring in a cell

Answer 1

metabolism

Question 2

The breakdown of larger, more complex molecules into smaller, simpler ones with the release of energy and the trapping of some of that energy

Answer 2

catabolism

Question 3

The synthesis of complex molecules from simpler ones with the input of energy

Answer 3

anabolism

Question 4

Metabolic pathways that function both catabolically and anabolically

Answer 4

amphibolic pathways

Question 5

The most common pathway for glucose degradation to pyruvate

Answer 5

Embden-Meyerhof (glycolytic) pathway

Question 6

A process in which ADP phosphorylation is coupled with the exergonic breakdown of a high-energy substrate molecule

Answer 6

substrate-level phosphorylation

Question 7

An alternative to glycolysis that is used by a few genera of bacteria

Answer 7

pentose phosphate (hexose monophosphate) pathway

Question 8

An alternative to glycolytic pathway that is used by a few genera of bacteria

Answer 8

Entner-Doudoroff pathway

Question 9

A cyclical set of reactions used by aerobic organism to generate additional energy as well as to provide carbon skeletons for use in biosynthesis

Answer 9

TCA cycle

Question 10

The transfer of electrons using a series of electrons carriers to liberate energy

Answer 10

electron transport

Question 11

Production of ATP using the energy liberated by there electron transport system

Answer 11

oxidative phosphorylation

Question 12

A gradient of protons and membrane potential due to the unequal distribution of charges

Answer 12

proton motive force

Question 13

Statement that synthesis of ATP is driven by proton diffusion back into the cell as a result of the protonmotive force established during electron transport

Answer 13

chemisomotic hypothesis

Question 14

Statement that synthesis of ATP is driven by shape change in ATP synthase induced by electron transport

Answer 14

conformational change hypothesis

Question 15

Inhibitors that ATP synthesis without inhibiting electron transport

Answer 15

uncouplers

Question 16

drastic reduction in the rate of sugar catabolism when cells switch from anaerobic to aerobic conditions

Answer 16

Pasteur effect

Question 17

A process for oxidizing NADH to NAD using organic molecules as electron donors and acceptors

Answer 17

fermentation

Question 18

A process for oxidizing NADH to NAD using molecular oxygen as the terminal electron acceptor

Answer 18

aerobic respiration

Question 19

A process for oxidizing NADH to NAD using inorganic molecules than oxygen as the terminal electron acceptor

Answer 19

anaerobic respiration

Question 20

The process in which light energy is trapped and converted to chemical energy in the form of ATP and NADPH

Answer 20

photosynthesis

Question 21

A process in which electrons excited from a chlorophyll molecule are return to that molecule, driving the synthesis of ATP

Answer 21

cyclic photophosphorylation

Question 22

A process in which electrons excited from a chlorophyll molecule are given to NADPH, are replaced from water, and thus drive the synthesis of ATP

Answer 22

noncyclic