- neurological disorder of muscle movement (tremors, rigidity, bradykinesia) - decreased dopamine receptors - high levels of Ach

Parkinson's disease - unclear - enhance dopamine activity from surviving neurons

exam 3 Flashcards by Sarah Mayes

Bisphosphonate drugs

alendronate
ibandronate
risedronate
zoledronate
etidronate
pamidronate

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Bisphosphonate MOA

osteoporosis

- incorporated into bond, osteoclasts cannot resorb this bound bone, activity of osteoclasts is decreased

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Estrogen agonist drugs

raloxifene

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Estrogen agonist MOA

osteoporosis

- affects osteoclasts

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Calcitonin MOA

osteoporosis

-decrease osteoclasts activity and number, increase osteoblast activity

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Parathyroid Hormone drugs

teriparatide

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parathyroid hormone MOA

osteoporosis

-bone growth

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RANKL- inhibitor drug

denosumab

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RANKL- inhibitor MOA

Osteoporosis

inhibits osteoclast formation, function and survival by blocking RANKL (transmembrane protein)

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Parkinson’s disease

neurological disorder of muscle movement (tremors, rigidity, bradykinesia)
decreased dopamine receptors
high levels of Ach

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Levodopa MOA

parkinson’s disease

-metabolic precursor to dopamine

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carbidopa MOA

parkinson’s disease

-blocks peripheral conversion of levodopa

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Dopamine receptor agonist

parkinson’s disease

Restless leg syndrome

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dopamine receptor agonist drugs

rotigotine
pramipexole
ropinirolde
bromocriptine

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dopamine receptor agonist MOA

Parkinson’s disease

directly stimulates CNS dopamine receptors

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COMT- inhibitor disease

parkinson’s disease

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COMT- inhibitor drugs

entacapone

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COMT- inhibitor MOA

Parkinson’s disease

- target another metabolizer of levodopa and help more reach the CNS

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Monoamine Oxidase-B inhibitor disease

Parkinson’s disease

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Monamine Oxidase-B inhibitor drugs

rasagiline

selegiline

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Monamine Oxidase-B inhibitor MOA

parkinson’s disease

-inhibits the enzyme that breaks down dopamine

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Amantadine disease

Parkinson’s disease

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Amantadine MOA

Parkinson’s disease

unclear
enhance dopamine activity from surviving neurons

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Anticholinergic Agents disease

Parkinson’s disease

EPSE

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anticholinergic agent drugs

benztropine | trihexyphenidyl

anticholinergic MOA

antagonize ACh in the sustantia nigra

Apomorphine disease

Parkinson's disease (rescue with antiemetic))

Apomorphine MOA

dopamine agonist

Alzheimer's Dementia cause

- degeneration of cholinergic neurons - over activation of unregulated glutamate signaling - neurofibrillary tangles - Neuritic plaques

Acetylcholine esterase inhibitor drugs

donepezil rivastigmine galantamine

AChE-inhibitors MOA

Alzheimer's Dementia | - increase CNS levels of ACh

NMDA-antagonist drugs

memantine

NMDA-antagonist MOA

Alzheimer's Dementia | -protects cells from glutamate excitotoxicity (release from neuron's that die)

Schizophrenia cause

- unknown | - hyperdopaminergic activity

1st generation antipsychotics drugs

haloperidol

1st generation antipsychotics MOA

block dopamine receptors | -effective for positive symptoms

2nd generation Antipsychotics

``` aripiprozole* asenapine clozapine* olanzepine quetiapine iloperidone risperidone* ziprasidone ```

2nd generation antipsychotics MOA

- block various serotonin (more) and dopamine receptors | - alpha 1 blocking, histamine blocking, and muscarinic blocking

anti psychotic ADR's

``` sedation, sexual dysfuntction weight gain glucose dysregulation anticholinergice side effects hyperprolactinemia orthostatic hypotension QT prolongation EPSE death- elderly at increased risk ```

Bipolar disorder

manic episodes alternating with major depressive episodes

Lithium Carbonate uses

Bipolar disorder

Lithium Carbonate MOA

unknown alters cation transport into nerve and muscle influence 5HT and NE

Valproic Acid uses

Bipolar disorder

Valproic Acid drugs

valproic acid sodium valproate divalproex sodium

Valproic Acid MOA

- may involve GABA | - suppress NA+ and CA++

Buspirone MOA

anxiety disorders | unclear/ affects serotonin

Sleep Aids

``` Zolpidem Zaleplon Eszopiclone Diphenhydramine Doxylamine Ramelteon ```

Diphenhydramine and doxylamine MOA

sedating antihistamine

ramelteon MOA

melatonin receptor agonist

Benzodiazepine drugs

``` diazepam triazolam lorazepam chlordiazepoxide oxazepam alprazolam midazolam flurazepam clonazepam temazepam zolpidem zaleplon ```

Benzodiazepine MOA

Enhances the actions and binding of GABA (an inhibitory CNS NT)

Drug of choice for status epilepticus

diazepam | lorazepam

Barbiturate drugs

phenobarbital pentobarbital secobarbital

barbiturate MOA

potentiates the effects of GABA | direct acting GABA agonist

SNRI drugs

duloxetine venlafaxine desvenlafaxine

SSRI

``` fluoxetine paroxetine sertraline fluvoxamine citalopram escitalopram ```

Bupropion MOA

antidepressant - inhibits reuptake of NE and dopamine - smoking cessation

mirtazepine MOA

``` unclear -presynaptic alpha 2 blocker, increase NE and serotonin serotonin and histamine blocker muscarinic and alpha 1 blocker ```

Trazodone MOA

serotonin reuptake inhibitor and serotonin antagonist

MAO-I drugs

phenelzine selegiline tranylcypromine

MAO-I MOA

Inhibits A and B types, which normally inactivates NT. increases NE, serotonin, tyramine, dopamine

Tricyclic antidepressants drugs

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