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zoology > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the process of ecdysis and its importance

A

proccess in which arthropods shed their shells as they grow

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2
Q

1st step in ecdysis

A

meal, growth, or environment triggers secretion of ecdysone

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3
Q

2nd step in ecdysis

A

epidermis secretes molting fluid which eats old endocuticle and recycles it

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4
Q

3rd step in ecdysis

A

epidermis secretes procuticle which turns into the new exo and endocuticle

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5
Q

4th step in ecdysis

A

old exocuticle shed by inflating with air or fluid

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6
Q

What are protostomes? Deuterostomes?

A

protostomes develop their mouth first and deuterostomes develop their anus first

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7
Q

How are the minor phyla of coelomate deuterostomes different from other animals and from each other?

A

theyre also called entercoelomates, where the coelom is lined by the mesoderm

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8
Q

Why are animals as different as spiders, crayfish, and insects all considered to be arthropods?

A

all arthropods posses an exoskeleton, bi-lateral symmetry, jointed appendages, segmented bodies, and specialized appendages

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9
Q

How do crustaceans, uniramians, and chelicerates differ and how does each vary within itself?

A

crustaceans have branched limbs and are MOSTLY aquatic, chelicerates have two segments, chelicerae vary. uniramians have a single pair of antennae, and differ from aquatic to terrestrial

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10
Q

How do spiders make webs? How do they use them? What else do they do with silk?

A

spinnerets, to snare prey, transportation, protection, courtship

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11
Q

How do crustaceans, including barnacles, manage to reproduce inside the exoskeleton?

A

hermaphrodites and parthenogenesis

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12
Q

How do insects communicate?

A

pheromones, sounds, lights, colors, dancing

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13
Q

How do insects fly?

A

muscles, not attached directly to the wings, that move the wings indirectly by changing the shape of the thorax

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14
Q

Describe the different reproductive lifestyles of insects

A

dioecious, oviparous

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15
Q

What are some common poisonous arthropods or honeybee facts? (Displays)

A

arachnids,hymenopterans, and myriapods

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16
Q

Describe the cuticle structure of an arthropod.

A

a single external layer of material forming the skeleton and many sense organs

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17
Q

Why are echinoderms thought to be related to humans and other chordates?

A

echinoderms and chordates are both deuterostomes, sharing a common ancestor

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18
Q

What do starfish, sea urchins, and sand dollars have in common?

A

theyre all echinoderms, which have radial symmetry and a skeleton made of calcium carbonate

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19
Q

How do starfish and other echinoderms get about? How do they feed?

A

tube feet

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20
Q

Dexcribe the water vascular system and all its parts of echinoderms.

A

a central ring canal that connects to the five radial canals that extend along each arm, which move water into the ampullae which have tube feet

21
Q

What sets hemichordates apart from chordates?

A

they lack a true notochord

22
Q

What sets the early chordates apart from vertebrates (what do vertebrates have they don’t)?

A

all vertebrates have a vertebral column whereas all early chordates don’t

23
Q

What four basic features do all chordates share?

A

a notochord, a dorsal hollow nerve chord, pharyngeal slits, and a post anal tail

24
Q

How do animals get their various colors and what are the sources of those colors?

A

visible colored cells called pigment or chromatophores

25
Q

What are some ecological importances of the major phyla discussed

A

food medicine poison food chain

26
Q

ecdysis

A

process in arthropods where they shed their exoskeletons as they grow

27
Q

trachea

A

a cartilaginous tube that connects the larynx to the bronchi of the lungs

28
Q

viviparous

A

development of an embryo inside its mother

29
Q

myriapod

A

centipedes and millipedes

30
Q

ossicle

A

small calcareous elements embedded in the dermis of the body wall of echinoderms. They form part of the endoskeleton and provide rigidity and protection

31
Q

Aristotle’s lantern

A

the mouth of a sea urchin

32
Q

tagmata

A

segments in arthropods, head thorax abdomen

33
Q

spiracle

A

the opening in the exoskeletons of insects, myriapods, velvet worms, and many arachnids. It works with the respertory system

34
Q

ovoviviparous

A

eggs that stay in the females body until they are hatched

35
Q

hexapod

A

subphylum including arthropods with a three part body plan and three sets of legs

36
Q

papulae

A

projectons of the coelom that serve in resperation and waste removal

37
Q

uniramous

A

unbranched series of appendages, mostly insects

38
Q

protostome

A

mouth develops before the anus

39
Q

hemocyanin

A

a copper-containing respiratory pigment in the circulatory fluid of various arthropods and mollusks

40
Q

torpor

A

a state of lowered body temperature and metabolic activity in response to extreme environmental conditions

41
Q

biramous

A

an appendage with two branches

42
Q

deuterostome

A

anus forms before the mouth

43
Q

chelicerae

A

the jaws in arthropods used to capture and hold prey

44
Q

diapause

A

period of suspended development usually during unfavorable environmental conditions

45
Q

aboral surface

A

where the anus is situated, usually on the dorsal side of echinoderms

46
Q

ocelli

A

simple eyes with photoreceptors

47
Q

oviparous

A

eggs that hatch after they had been laid by the female

48
Q

mandible

A

“jaw” of arthropods which involves chewing biting or cutting food

49
Q

cleidoic egg

A

terrestrial eggs that have a thick rigid outer shell

zoology (4 decks)

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