Exam 3 Flashcards
Describe the process of ecdysis and its importance
proccess in which arthropods shed their shells as they grow
1st step in ecdysis
meal, growth, or environment triggers secretion of ecdysone
2nd step in ecdysis
epidermis secretes molting fluid which eats old endocuticle and recycles it
3rd step in ecdysis
epidermis secretes procuticle which turns into the new exo and endocuticle
4th step in ecdysis
old exocuticle shed by inflating with air or fluid
What are protostomes? Deuterostomes?
protostomes develop their mouth first and deuterostomes develop their anus first
How are the minor phyla of coelomate deuterostomes different from other animals and from each other?
theyre also called entercoelomates, where the coelom is lined by the mesoderm
Why are animals as different as spiders, crayfish, and insects all considered to be arthropods?
all arthropods posses an exoskeleton, bi-lateral symmetry, jointed appendages, segmented bodies, and specialized appendages
How do crustaceans, uniramians, and chelicerates differ and how does each vary within itself?
crustaceans have branched limbs and are MOSTLY aquatic, chelicerates have two segments, chelicerae vary. uniramians have a single pair of antennae, and differ from aquatic to terrestrial
How do spiders make webs? How do they use them? What else do they do with silk?
spinnerets, to snare prey, transportation, protection, courtship
How do crustaceans, including barnacles, manage to reproduce inside the exoskeleton?
hermaphrodites and parthenogenesis
How do insects communicate?
pheromones, sounds, lights, colors, dancing
How do insects fly?
muscles, not attached directly to the wings, that move the wings indirectly by changing the shape of the thorax
Describe the different reproductive lifestyles of insects
dioecious, oviparous
What are some common poisonous arthropods or honeybee facts? (Displays)
arachnids,hymenopterans, and myriapods
Describe the cuticle structure of an arthropod.
a single external layer of material forming the skeleton and many sense organs
Why are echinoderms thought to be related to humans and other chordates?
echinoderms and chordates are both deuterostomes, sharing a common ancestor
What do starfish, sea urchins, and sand dollars have in common?
theyre all echinoderms, which have radial symmetry and a skeleton made of calcium carbonate
How do starfish and other echinoderms get about? How do they feed?
tube feet
Dexcribe the water vascular system and all its parts of echinoderms.
a central ring canal that connects to the five radial canals that extend along each arm, which move water into the ampullae which have tube feet
What sets hemichordates apart from chordates?
they lack a true notochord
What sets the early chordates apart from vertebrates (what do vertebrates have they don’t)?
all vertebrates have a vertebral column whereas all early chordates don’t
What four basic features do all chordates share?
a notochord, a dorsal hollow nerve chord, pharyngeal slits, and a post anal tail
How do animals get their various colors and what are the sources of those colors?
visible colored cells called pigment or chromatophores
