Exam 3 Flashcards
What are the signs of spoilage?
Changes in texture, smell, taste, or appearance
What are the top 3 spoiled foods?
Fresh produce, milk, and grain products
What are these:
-Endogenous enzymes (oxidizing compounds or degrading pectins)
-Microbes (bacteria, molds, yeasts)
-Parasites (insects, rodents)
-Light (degrades pigments, fats, proteins; or stimulates pigment production)
-Temperature (heat and freezing)
-Air (oxydization)
-Moisture (too little- like crumbling or too much- like sogginess)
Factors that cause spoilage
What is the order of Organic Molecule Digestion in spoilage?
- Sugars and carbs
- Plant pectins
- Proteins
What are:
inhabitants of soil, water, or intestinal tract of animals—may be transmitted through air, water, or insects
Spoilage Organisms
What are yeasts and molds considered?
Fungi
What is the microbe that tolerates high sugar and high salt and causes spoilage in dried fruit, jams, and soy sauce? And what is it?
Zygosaccharomyces, a yeast
What causes spoilage in most fruits?
The Yeasts Candida and Saccharomyces
What are these types of:
Zygomycetes
Penicillium
Aspergillus
Molds
What microbe causes spoilage in strawberries?
The mold Zygomycetes
What does the microbe Penicillium cause spoilage to?
Visible rot on citrus, pears, and apples
What causes spoilage to grains, dried beans, peanuts, and tree nuts?
The mold Aspergillus
What are these types of?
Spore forming
Lactic Acid
Pseudomonas
Enterobactereae
Acinetobactor
Alcaligenes
Flavobacterium
Moraxella and Photobacterium
Bronchotrix
Bacteria that cause food spoilage
What foods are spore-forming bacteria commonly associated with? And why?
Heat-treated foods because spores are heat resistant
What bacteria is most commonly associated with the spoilage of refrigerated modified-atmosphere-packed (MAP) meat products or causes the greening of meat and gas formation. (Example: cheese blowing)
Lactic Acid Bacteria
