EXAM 3

Question 1

Characteristics of Eukaryotes

Answer 1

1. Cell w/ nuclei surrounded by a nuclear envelope w/ pores
2. Mitochondria
3. Cytoskeleton of microtubules & microfilaments
4. Flagella and Cilia
5. Chromosomes organized by histones
6. Mitosis
7. Sexual Reproduction
8. Cell Walls (NOT IN ANIMAL)

Question 2

Nuclear Envelope

Answer 2

membrane enclosing the nucleus, protein-lined pores allow material to move in/out of

Question 3

Chromatin

Answer 3

DNA plus associated proteins

Question 4

Nucleolus

Answer 4

condensed region where ribosomes are formed

Question 5

Peroxisome

Answer 5

metabolizes waste

Question 6

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 6

Rough: associated with ribosomes; makes secretory and membrane proteins
Smooth: makes lipids

Question 7

Cytoskeleton Microtubules

Answer 7

form the mitotic spindle and maintain cell shape

Question 8

Centrosome

Answer 8

Microtubule-organizing center

Question 9

Intermediate filaments

Answer 9

fibrous proteins that hold organelles in place

Question 10

Microfilaments

Answer 10

fibrous proteins; form the cellular cortex

Question 11

Plasma membrane

Answer 11

OUTSIDE

Question 12

Lysosome

Answer 12

digests food and waste materials

Question 13

Golgi Apparatus

Answer 13

modifies proteins

Question 14

Cytoplasm

Answer 14

Jelly to Float in

Question 15

Mitochondria

Answer 15

Produce energy

Question 16

Vacuole

Answer 16

Waste vacuum

Question 17

Microfilament

Answer 17

thin; weak

Question 18

Intermediatefilament

Answer 18

medium

Question 19

Microtubule

Answer 19

strong; thick

Question 20

Cytoskeleton

Answer 20

reinforce membrane
maintain shape & overall function
formation in mitosis

Question 21

Photoautotrophs

Answer 21

energy from sunlight
carbon source from inorganic sourse
ALL HAVE CHLOROPLAST that use CHLOROPHYLL A

Question 22

Chemoheterotrophs (US)

Answer 22

energy and carbon from organic compounds
Absorptive Digestion- breakdown occurs OUTSIDE cell and monomers brought inside
INGESTIVE- phagocytosis brings polymer inside cell and enzymes digest it to monomers

Question 23

Building a Eukaryote

Answer 23

Surround dsDNA (double strand)
Nucleus
Endosymbiosis (mitochondria & chloroplasts)
Aerobic Alphaproteobacterial to mitochondrion (protect)
Photosynthetic cyanobacteria to chloroplast
Secondary ES for plastids
Can be colonial.
Multicellular
Communicate and Coordinate

Question 24

Secondary Endosymbiosis (rare)

Answer 24

some protists (lots of plants) absorb sunlight

Question 25

Asexual Reproduction

Answer 25

UC Eukaryotes- Mitosis MC Eukaryotes- Budding (clones) (less energy; no diversity) (no mixing of genomes)

Question 26

Sexual Reproduction

Answer 26

Meiosis Fertilization seperate haploid & diploid phases 2 haploid gametes to diploid zygote (more energy; diversity)

Question 27

Protists Saga

Answer 27

-Paraphyletic Group - many protists are more related to animals, plants, or fungi than to other protists - live in soil, freshwater, marine water, animal digestive tracts, plant vascular tissues -some are parasites (malaria)

Question 28

Protists Evolution

Answer 28

cannot be called plants gametes & zygotes can dry out cannot be called fungi do not have chitin in cell wall cannot be called animals do not undergo embryonic development development 12 different kingdoms 6 supergroups

Question 29

Cell Structure of Protists

Answer 29

some live as colonies some large, multinucleate single cell resemble blobs of slime or ferns nuclei different sizes and roles size range 1 micrometer to 3 meters some plant-like cell walls some glassy silica-based shells or protein pellicles

Question 30

Metabolism of Protists

Answer 30

aerobic or anaerobic photoautotrophs with chloroplasts heterotrophs consume others saprobes absorb nutrients from dead mixotrophs change nutrition by conditions phagocytosis into a food vacuole to phagolysosome amoebas

Question 31

Motility of Protists

Answer 31

motile & perform taxis flagella: whip-like cilia: hair-like pseudopodia: extension, slurp along cell (SLIME WALK)

Question 32

Life Cycle of Protists

Answer 32

reproduce asexual transverse or longitudinal binary fission multiple fission or budding sexual reproduction if stressor occurs resistant cysts produced parasitic protists infect different host at different stages