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Intro to Music > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

When was the Baroque period?

A

1600-1750

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2
Q

What does “baroque” mean?

A

Defined as “bizarre” by sculpture, art, music, and architecture

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3
Q

The Church was divided in Europe into two camps which were:

A

Catholic and Protestant

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4
Q

Which class rose to a considerable status that led them to perform and have careers?

A

Middle class

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5
Q

What is compositional restraint?

A

Compositions of composers goverend by church dogma and resticitons that yield personal expression and experimentation

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6
Q

What was the Baroque era compared to Renaissance

A

Exclusively polyphonic while Renaissance was homophonic

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7
Q

What is the Doctorine of Affections?

A

A Baroque movement in music that emphasized the emotional states of music, mind, soul, spirit and overall emotions

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8
Q

What are dynamics in the Baroque?

A

TERRACED dynamics, shifted sudden and abruptly without warning

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9
Q

What are chords in the Baroque?

A

New emphasis on chords and bass line

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10
Q

What was the Bass Continuo in Baroque?

A

Composition of 2 instruments, mainly 2 keyboard like organ/harpischord, combines w/ cell or even bassoon.

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11
Q

Compositions in Baroque featured what?

A

Movements, independent parts of larger compoisitions.

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12
Q

Music often served as what in the Baroque?

A

One specific function-to serve the aristocracy and a source of entertainment in the courts

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13
Q

Who would insist on dancing at whose performances?

A

Louis XIV at Frederick the Greats

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14
Q

How were Church musicians paid?

A

They were paid considerably less than court musicians which helped composers find a court-sponsorship

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15
Q

What were Conservatories?

A

Place in Italy where the worlds brightest talents went to develop their music

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16
Q

What were Conservatories originally?

A

Originally orphanages for kids on the street

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17
Q

Who were vital in the Baroque?

A

Composers

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18
Q

What did the Baroque evolve from?

A

Singular performers to larger ensembles (Concerto Grosso)

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19
Q

Most concerto grossi have how many movements and what?

A

Fast-Slow-Fast

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20
Q

What is Tutti?

A

Orchestra thats more formal, stately, and in a supporting role

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21
Q

What is an opera?

A

Drama sung to musical accompaniment with a combination of acting, scenery, poetry, music, and costume that began around 1600 in Italy

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22
Q

What is Libretto?

A

The test or story of an Opera itself

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23
Q

What is a Librettist?

A

The author of the libretto who usually commissioned to originate a story for the composer to follow

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24
Q

What is an Impresario?

A

The “Opera Director” thats in charge of promotion, direction, and execution

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25
Q

What are the seven voice types in Operas?

A

Coloratura Soprano, Lyric Soprano, Dramatic Soprano, Lyric Tenor, Dramtic Tenor, Basso Buffo, Basso Profundo

26
Q

What is an Aria?

A

A song for solo voice w/ orchestral accompaniment usually lasting several minutes that focuses on the singers abilites

27
Q

Whats a recitative?

A

A vocal line that imitates rythms and fluctuations of speech and syllables, often employed by composer to highlight dialogue

28
Q

Who were the Florentine Camerata and what time?

A

Wanted to originate new music, like ancient greek tragedies, with one vocalline, 1575

29
Q

What is the earliest Opera on record and from whom?

A

Italian composer JACOPO PERI, named Euridice

30
Q

Where and when was the first Opera House?

A

Teatro San Cassiano, 1637, Venice

31
Q

What were Castrati?

A

Male singers that were castrated in hopes of perserving high voice before puberty

32
Q

What is Secco?

A

Recitatives only accompanied by a basso “dry” (cello instrument, harpsichord)

33
Q

What is Accompagnato?

A

Recitative that are more dramatic, accompanied by full orchestra

34
Q

What is Da Capo Aria?

A

A-B-A form of section “from the beginning” repeating sections

35
Q

Who was Claudio Monteverdi?

A

Singer/violinist that was employed music director in late Renaissance- Early baroque

36
Q

Who was a bridge from Renaissance to Baroque periods?

A

Claudio Monteverdi

37
Q

What genres did Monteverdis music consist of

A

Madrigals, Church, Opera

38
Q

What was one of Monteverdi’s masterpieces for Opera?

A

Orfeo (1607)

39
Q

What is Tu Se’ Morta?

A

Homophonic, Opheus after Euridice has died

40
Q

Who was Henry Purcell?

A

England composer in Baroque until 20th century

41
Q

What is Purcells famous work?

A

Dido and Aeneas in 1689, was a CHAMBER OPERA, only one hour to perform for only strings and harpischord NO SOLOISTS

42
Q

What was Dido and Aeneas inspired by?

A

Story of epid poem the Aeneid from Virgil

43
Q

What is a Sonata

A

A composition in several movements for 1-8 instruments

44
Q

What is a Trio Sonata?

A

Written for 4 instrumentalists, featured 2 high lines, basso continuo

45
Q

Most prominent composer of Trio Sonatas was…

A

Arcangelo Corelli

46
Q

Who was Antonio Vivaldi?

A

II Preto Roso (Red Priest), one of Big 3 of the Baroque period, violinist, Pieta School for orphan girls, 450 concerti written

47
Q

What was a solo concerto?

A

Concerto for single instruments vs full orchestra. Solo instruments like flute, oboe, bassoon, cello, mandolin, piccolo

48
Q

What was the Four Seasons?

A

1725, Vivaldi, example of PROGRAM MUSIC, instrumental associated with story

49
Q

Johann Sebastian Bach

A

German Music director in Leipzig, had 20 children

50
Q

Bachs music was…

A

complex, polyphonic, wrote every genre BUT OPERA

51
Q

Allemande from

A

Germany

52
Q

Gavotte from

A

France

53
Q

Sarabande

A

Spain, slow

54
Q

Gigue

A

England/Ireland, fast

55
Q

Oratorio?

A

A large composition for chorus, vocal soloists, orchestra-set narrative text

56
Q

Opera vs Oratorio

A

Oratorio not staged, acted, costumed, biblical stories not part of religious services

57
Q

George Frideric Handel

A

Born same year as Bach in Halle Gaermany

58
Q

Who directed the Royal Academy of Music?

A

Handel

59
Q

What was Handels music like?

A

Linear, lighter in personality & color than Bach, wrote many operas in Italian style, known for ORATORIO

60
Q

Handels Messiah

A

His most famous piece, meditative than dramatic, ONLY English oratorio, 50+ MOVEMENTS

61
Q
A

Intro to Music (4 decks)

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