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Intro to Music > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

When was the Baroque period?

A

1600-1750

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2
Q

What does “baroque” mean?

A

Defined as “bizarre” by sculpture, art, music, and architecture

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3
Q

The Church was divided in Europe into two camps which were:

A

Catholic and Protestant

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4
Q

Which class rose to a considerable status that led them to perform and have careers?

A

Middle class

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5
Q

What is compositional restraint?

A

Compositions of composers goverend by church dogma and resticitons that yield personal expression and experimentation

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6
Q

What was the Baroque era compared to Renaissance

A

Exclusively polyphonic while Renaissance was homophonic

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7
Q

What is the Doctorine of Affections?

A

A Baroque movement in music that emphasized the emotional states of music, mind, soul, spirit and overall emotions

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8
Q

What are dynamics in the Baroque?

A

TERRACED dynamics, shifted sudden and abruptly without warning

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9
Q

What are chords in the Baroque?

A

New emphasis on chords and bass line

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10
Q

What was the Bass Continuo in Baroque?

A

Composition of 2 instruments, mainly 2 keyboard like organ/harpischord, combines w/ cell or even bassoon.

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11
Q

Compositions in Baroque featured what?

A

Movements, independent parts of larger compoisitions.

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12
Q

Music often served as what in the Baroque?

A

One specific function-to serve the aristocracy and a source of entertainment in the courts

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13
Q

Who would insist on dancing at whose performances?

A

Louis XIV at Frederick the Greats

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14
Q

How were Church musicians paid?

A

They were paid considerably less than court musicians which helped composers find a court-sponsorship

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15
Q

What were Conservatories?

A

Place in Italy where the worlds brightest talents went to develop their music

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16
Q

What were Conservatories originally?

A

Originally orphanages for kids on the street

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17
Q

Who were vital in the Baroque?

A

Composers

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18
Q

What did the Baroque evolve from?

A

Singular performers to larger ensembles (Concerto Grosso)

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19
Q

Most concerto grossi have how many movements and what?

A

Fast-Slow-Fast

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20
Q

What is Tutti?

A

Orchestra thats more formal, stately, and in a supporting role

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21
Q

What is an opera?

A

Drama sung to musical accompaniment with a combination of acting, scenery, poetry, music, and costume that began around 1600 in Italy

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22
Q

What is Libretto?

A

The test or story of an Opera itself

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23
Q

What is a Librettist?

A

The author of the libretto who usually commissioned to originate a story for the composer to follow

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24
Q

What is an Impresario?

A

The “Opera Director” thats in charge of promotion, direction, and execution

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25
What are the seven voice types in Operas?
Coloratura Soprano, Lyric Soprano, Dramatic Soprano, Lyric Tenor, Dramtic Tenor, Basso Buffo, Basso Profundo
26
What is an Aria?
A song for solo voice w/ orchestral accompaniment usually lasting several minutes that focuses on the singers abilites
27
Whats a recitative?
A vocal line that imitates rythms and fluctuations of speech and syllables, often employed by composer to highlight dialogue
28
Who were the Florentine Camerata and what time?
Wanted to originate new music, like ancient greek tragedies, with one vocalline, 1575
29
What is the earliest Opera on record and from whom?
Italian composer JACOPO PERI, named Euridice
30
Where and when was the first Opera House?
Teatro San Cassiano, 1637, Venice
31
What were Castrati?
Male singers that were castrated in hopes of perserving high voice before puberty
32
What is Secco?
Recitatives only accompanied by a basso "dry" (cello instrument, harpsichord)
33
What is Accompagnato?
Recitative that are more dramatic, accompanied by full orchestra
34
What is Da Capo Aria?
A-B-A form of section "from the beginning" repeating sections
35
Who was Claudio Monteverdi?
Singer/violinist that was employed music director in late Renaissance- Early baroque
36
Who was a bridge from Renaissance to Baroque periods?
Claudio Monteverdi
37
What genres did Monteverdis music consist of
Madrigals, Church, Opera
38
What was one of Monteverdi's masterpieces for Opera?
Orfeo (1607)
39
What is Tu Se' Morta?
Homophonic, Opheus after Euridice has died
40
Who was Henry Purcell?
England composer in Baroque until 20th century
41
What is Purcells famous work?
Dido and Aeneas in 1689, was a CHAMBER OPERA, only one hour to perform for only strings and harpischord NO SOLOISTS
42
What was Dido and Aeneas inspired by?
Story of epid poem the Aeneid from Virgil
43
What is a Sonata
A composition in several movements for 1-8 instruments
44
What is a Trio Sonata?
Written for 4 instrumentalists, featured 2 high lines, basso continuo
45
Most prominent composer of Trio Sonatas was...
Arcangelo Corelli
46
Who was Antonio Vivaldi?
II Preto Roso (Red Priest), one of Big 3 of the Baroque period, violinist, Pieta School for orphan girls, 450 concerti written
47
What was a solo concerto?
Concerto for single instruments vs full orchestra. Solo instruments like flute, oboe, bassoon, cello, mandolin, piccolo
48
What was the Four Seasons?
1725, Vivaldi, example of PROGRAM MUSIC, instrumental associated with story
49
Johann Sebastian Bach
German Music director in Leipzig, had 20 children
50
Bachs music was...
complex, polyphonic, wrote every genre BUT OPERA
51
Allemande from
Germany
52
Gavotte from
France
53
Sarabande
Spain, slow
54
Gigue
England/Ireland, fast
55
Oratorio?
A large composition for chorus, vocal soloists, orchestra-set narrative text
56
Opera vs Oratorio
Oratorio not staged, acted, costumed, biblical stories not part of religious services
57
George Frideric Handel
Born same year as Bach in Halle Gaermany
58
Who directed the Royal Academy of Music?
Handel
59
What was Handels music like?
Linear, lighter in personality & color than Bach, wrote many operas in Italian style, known for ORATORIO
60
Handels Messiah
His most famous piece, meditative than dramatic, ONLY English oratorio, 50+ MOVEMENTS
61

Intro to Music (4 decks)

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