Exam 3

Question 1

Two factors that increased chances of American Revolt

Answer 1

• British and indian war
• taxation w/o representation

Question 2

War Advantages for Each Side

Answer 2

Americans:
- Distance
- Geography
- Determination
British:
- Military strength
- economic strength
- many loyalists

Question 3

War Strategies for Each Side

Answer 3

American:
- keep an army in the field and wear the British out
- hard.
British:
- Conquer quickly, and restore order.
- Harder than they thought

Question 4

Washingtons Virtue

Answer 4

Sought to be a gentleman:
to own land, and acquire admirable traits. Known for his virtue and leadership.

Question 5

Favorable Factors after the War

Answer 5

• colonies had an unusual amount of public virtue
• Other assets to facilitate setting up a “good society”

Question 6

Need for a Declaration of Independence

Answer 6

• battles grew more intense, need for a single nation to unify the colonies
• belief in the nations cause, to unify them & motivate the French.

Question 7

Four Principles of the Declaration

Answer 7

• equality
• rights
• consent
• revolution

Question 8

Declaration’s influence on key beliefs today

Answer 8

• Debates over equality
• Strong rhetoric of rights
• belief in the wisdom of the majority
• Right of revolution to intervene in foreign affairs

Question 9

Need for New Government after the war

Answer 9

• Declared independence through new declaration.
• Congress directed for two types of government: States and written articles of confederation

Question 10

Two key questions under the Confederation

Answer 10

• how can we form a government by the people that preserves liberty?
• how should the states and national government relate to each other?

Question 11

Problems with state governments

Answer 11

• Republics
• Weak executives
• Legislatures became too powerful

Question 12

Problems with the confederation

Answer 12

• No power to tax
• No judiciary to resolve disputes
• separate state militias
• No common rules for trade
• No central power to conduct diplomacy
• Articles cannot be changed without unanimity

Question 13

Two reinforcing efforts to create better government

Answer 13

• Strengthening the state Government: John Adams & his 3 priniciples
• Strengthening the confederation: “Nationalists”

Question 14

Key delegates

Answer 14

James Madison - Virginia Plan, Fed. ppr
William Patterson - New Jersey plan
Roger Sherman - Fed. Compromise
James Wilson - Inn. Executive
John Rutledge - Defended slavery
Gouverneur Morris - elitist, Torries
George Mason - Checks n Balances
Benjamin Franklin - Treaty of Paris
George Washington - 1st President

Question 15

Popular sovereignty vs. State

Answer 15

Popular: Individual representation
State: State Representation

Question 16

Great compromise: Federalism

Answer 16

Proposed by Roger Sherman:
- Proportional representation in the lower house, preserving popular sovereignty
- Equal representation in the upper house, preserving state sovereignty

Question 17

Innovative Executive

Answer 17

James Wilson’s idea: president to be elected by the people!
- Creating an independent Executive
- Also accountable to the people

Question 18

Slavery Compromise

Answer 18

• Slave Trade: No new law respecting slave trade for 20 years
• Representation: 3/5 rule proposed by Congress under the Articles of Confederation.
• Fugitives: Slaves as property to be returned to owners.