Exam 3 Flashcards
1
Q
Fundamental attribution error:
A
we overestimate influence of personality instead of situations
Example: that teach failed me because he is mean
1
Q
Hippocampus is the memory processing center that is linked with emotions. T or F?
A
True
2
Q
Projection
A
attributes thoughts, feelings, and ideas which are perceived as undesirable to someone else.
example: calling someone racists when the accuser is in fact racist
2
Q
Extraversion
A
drawing energy from others, socialble
2
Q
People are likely to help people in need when they ____, _____, and _______.
A
notice need, interpret it as an emergency, and assume responsbility
2
Q
Fearfulness does not run in families. T or F
A
False
3
Q
What are the 6 defense mechanisms?
A
Regression, Rationalization, Reaction Formation, Projection, Displacement, Denial
4
Q
Schizophrenia
A
- delusions & hallucinations
- disorganized and delusional thinking
- disturbed perceptions
- inappropriate emotions/behaviors
5
Q
Central Route Persuasion
A
offers evidence and arguements that aim favorable thoughts
example: environmentalists showing evidence of rising temps
5
Q
A deeply religious person that curses, drinks, has premarital sex
This is what concept?
A
Cognitive Dissonance
5
Q
Borderline Personality Disorder
A
- sudden shifts in mood, inappropriate anger, self injury, splitting (sees all good or all bad) manipulation
- Cinical procedure: bilogy and invalidation “why are you always like this”
- Etiology–difficulty regulating emotions, abuse, neglected
- Treatment–dialectical behavior therapy (different ways of viewing world)
- Ex: Fatal Attraction (the woman was sick in bed and the man was being yelled at, she then in the next scene cut herself)
6
Q
Example of a Projective Test:
A
Rorschach Inkblot Test (lets people tell stories about what they see in the ink)
7
Q
Bystander Effect:
A
people are less likely to help a person in need because there is a diffusion of responsibility
8
Q
Who is the advocate of social-cognitive perspective?
A
Bandura
9
Q
Myers-Briggs
A
Extraversion-Introversion
Sensing-Intuition
Thinking-Feeling
Judging-Perceiving
9
Q
Dialectical Behavior Therapy
A
LINEHAN:
used to treat borderline
therapist is direct & nondirective
emphathy and challenging
psychoeduation (teach them how their condition forms)
behavioral skills (tolerate stress, interpersonal skills, regulate emotions, mindfullness)
10
Q
Ideal self versus Real self
A
Ideal self–who I’d like to be
Real self–who I actually am
If the two are similar then I represent positive self concept, if not then I have negative self concept
12
Q
Narcissim
A
excessive self-life & self-absorption
13
Q
men are more vulnerable to inernalized states. T or F?
A
False; externalized such as alcohol dependence, antisocial conduct, lack of impulse control
14
Q
Sociopath vs Psychopath
A
Sociopath– does not care about people, hurt people in their way
Psychopath–secretly sweet, manipulative, facade
example: Dexter
15
Q
What did Horney advocate?
A
- Neofreudian who said childhood anxiety triggers desires for love & security
- Countered that women have weak superegos & suffer “penis envy”
15
Q
Stanely Milgram
A
- Social Psychologist who did a study on obedience
- obedeince to authority is powerful
- human beings are capable of truly evil acts if they are in certain situations
- they do what they are to
example: electric shock experiment and stanford prison experiment
15
Q
Phobias
A
- Person is intensely and irrationally afraid of a specific object, activity, or situation (stimulus)
- Examples: social phobia (social anxiety disorder)
- Agoraphobia (fear/avoidance of situations in which panic may strike)
16
Q
What did Jung advocate?
A
Neofreudian who believed unconscious contains more than repressed thoughts and feelings
16
Agreeableness
helpful, trusting, friendly
17
People who have panic attacks don't worry about having another. T or F?
False
18
We learn some fears by observing others. T or F?
18
Cognitive Behavioral Thinking (CBT)
Emotion, Thought, Behavior
they all influence one another
19
Antipsychotic medication
treat psychosis and extreme agitaition
most helpful for positive symptoms of schizophrenia
21
Spotlight effect
feeling that everyone judges & over evaluates us
21
Individualism
giving priority to own's goals
22
Informal Social Influence and example:
we assume others are right, and we follow their lead
experiment: a group of people were givena simple task (line test)
the people before the participant picked the wrong answer and he was more likely to pick the wrong answer as well
23
Cluster A
* odd, eccentric, unusual behavior ranging from distrust & suspiciousness to social detachment
* Example: paraoid, schizoid, schizotypal
24
Personality Disorders:
rigid pervasive patterns
develop early in life
rarely seek treatment (they probably don't know they have it)
26
What are the 3 interacting systems?
Id, Ego, Super ego
27
Behavior Therapists
* elimination of unwanted behaviors (goal)
* assume that behaviors are the problems
* main technique--counterconditioning
28
Displacement
picking a fight with someone who has nothing to do with them
example: kicking a wall out of anger
28
Example of reciprocal determinism:
Bill is a happy smiley person because of his easy temperament. Because he smiles a lot, others too smile at him, which reinforces his smile (positive reinforcement), his mind is filled why he is smiling, the cycle continues
28
Not all scizophrenics are violent. T or F?
True
28
Age that schizophrenia forms:
late teens, early 20s
28
Some categories of the DSM
* anxiety
* OCD
* depressive
* personality
* feeding/eating
29
What is the most biological psychiactric disorder?
Bipolar I Disorder
29
Bipolar I Disorder:
* person alternates from state of hopelessness to a state of mania
* strikes more people with vivid imagery and expressive (poets, writers, artists)
* less common than major depressive disorder
30
Person Situation Controversy
traits are a function of personality, not situation; we might act different in different enviornments
31
Psychological disorders characterized by emotion extremes:
Mood disorders
Major Depressive Disorder
Bipolar Disorder
32
Aaron Beck's Theory for Depression
helped people see how their depression is worsened by "catatrophizing"
Beck challenged these errors in thinking
33
We most likely conform when we are alone. T or F?
False; 3 or more
34
The opposite of foot-in-the-door
Door-in-the-face
36
Who developed the defense mechanisms:
Sigmund Freud
38
Superego
* "perfection principle"
* internalized ideals and provides standards got judgement (parent and society expectations)
* manifestation of one's conscious via one's parent
38
Exposure Therapies
Systematic Desensitization (Joseph Wolpe)
you can't be relzed and anxious at the same time
relaxation, create fear hierarchy, pair relaxation with feared object/situation, in vivo, forced exposure, modeling
40
Denial
refusing to believe painful realities
example: "this isn't happening to me"
41
schizotypal
* positive symptoms of schizophrenia
* etiology--stress pushes it over
* treatment--increasing contact, social skills, antipsychotics
* example: DeNiro in Taxi Driver (fine at beginning then focused on killing man)
42
In the presence of audience, we perform better in what we do well.
T or F?
True
42
Cognitive Therapy
helps people develop more rational objective ways of thinking, catch dysfunctional thinking
43
There is a cure for schizophrenia. T or F?
False
43
Mania
* Lasts about a week
* Overtalkative
* Hyperactive
* Loud, flighty speech, fast talk
* extreme optimism
* grandiosity
* goal-directed behavior
* needs protection from poor judgement
44
Norms
understood "rules" for acceptable behavior dictated by a culture
45
Freud theory discrepancy:
* personality develops over life time, not just childhood
* he overemphasized sexuality
* developmental stages are not concrete
good contributions:
* origins of personality in childhood
* unconscious thoughts, feelings, drives
* defense mechanisms
46
Most common mental disorder in the U.S. is :
Anxiety disorder
48
Mood disorders run in families. T or F?
True
49
Cluster C
* anxiety & fearfulness
* Ex: OCD, avoidant, dependent
50
Who is the advocate of traits?
Allport
50
Recurring depression during winter is known as:
Seasonal Affective Disorder
50
General Anxiety Disorder:
* person is tense, worried for no apparent reason
* restlessness
* irritability
* tension
* sleep issues
* fatigue
52
Belifes, ideas, attitudes, values and traditions shared by a group of people
Culture
53
Psychotherapy methods:
* take what is conscious and look for subconscious
* look at client's attachment history, relational style, psychological condlct, defenses
* personality can be changed
54
Cluster B
* tendency to be dramatic, emotional, and erratic, impulsive behavior
* example: histronic, narcissitic, borderline
55
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
* has to be a traumal the victim re-experiences the event
* a person has lingering memories, nightmares, numb feeling of social withdrawl, jumpy anxiety, trouble sleeping for weeks
* hypervigilant
* high neurotisism
* lack of coping
57
Personalities shape situations. True or false?
True
58
Treatment of Psychological Disorder
* Psychopharmacology--study of drug effects on behavior, mood, mind
*
59
Histrionics
* must be in center of attention, proactive, dramatic
* etiology--reinforcement for dramaticism
* example: Kim K
60
Humanstic Therapists:
client centered
genuineness, empathy, acceptance, warmth (ROGER)
listen, understand, and validate
62
External Locus of Control:
refers to the perception that chance or outside forces beyond personal control determines our fate
64
Person-Centered Perspective:
Carl Rogers
* Genuineness (open with own feelings, drop facades)
* Acceptance offer **unconditional positive regard** (people accept you regardless of flaws, failures)
* Empathy (sharing/mirroring feelings)
65
Psychosis (Schizophrenia)
Delusions & Hallucinations
* person loses contact with reality experiencing irrational ideas and distortion (living in a scary world)
67
Two Humanistic perspective adovcates:
Maslow & Rogers
68
Bipolar II Disorder
* hypomanic (less severe) and MDE
* period of normality shortens
* rapid cycling
* seasonal
* psychosis
70
Who studied psychoanalysis?
Sigmund Freud
71
Case study of Bystander Effect:
Queens, NY
Kitty Genovese: a guy rapes her and attacked her. She even screamed "help me" other people say and assumed someone else would call the cops
close to 40 people saw and no one called cops
73
Peripheral Route Persuasion:
does not require systematic thinking; produces fast results
example: celebrity endorsement
74
True or false: Freud says that personality is formed before age 6
True
76
Benefit of dream analysis:
Look for symbols that reside in unconscious
77
Neuroticism
anxiety, insecurity, emotional instability
78
Define: maladaptive
affects normal day-to-day life
79
Attribution theory is where you look at the enviornment and the person. True or false?
True
80
Regression, Rationalization, Reaction Formation, Projection, Displacement are all forms of \_\_\_\_\_.
Repression
81
Internal Locus of Control:
we control our own fate, not outside forces
82
Big 5 Personality Factors:
* Openess
* Conscientiousness
* Extraversion
* Agreeableness
* Neuroticism
83
Narcissistics
* focus on power
* etilogy--overcompensation, parents were too positive
* treatment: focus on opinion of others, challenge them
* example: Charlie Sheen "borrow my brain you can't handle it" "bi-winning"
84
Counterconditioning
* uses classical conditions to evoke new sponse to stimuli that are triggering unwanted behavior
* exposure and unwanted behavior
85
Norepinephrine increases arousal and boots mood. T or F?
True
86
Symptoms of Schizophrenia:
**Positive Symptoms** (Additive)
* hallucinations
* language cognitive impairments
* bizarre behaviors
* delusions
* circumstantial speech (ex: laughing if being torutured)
Negative Symptoms (Subtractive)
* 4 A's
* Alogia (lack/absense of speech)..ex: yes. no.
* Avolition (lack of motivation)
* Anhedonia (lack of enjoyment of activities person used to love)
* Affect Blunted (little emotion in face)
* Affect Flat (no emotion in face)
87
Maslow
* researched drives in animals
* hierarchy of needs
* certain needs need priority over others
88
"Can I have $5? Thanks, actually can I have $10?"
This example is what concept?
Foot-in-the-Door
89
Free Association
say whatever came to mind regardless of how embarrassing or trivial
90
Some phobias examples:
* heights
* dogs
* spiders
* needles
91
Antisocial personality disorder accounts for about 1/2 of all serial killers/rapists. T or F?
True
93
Ego
* conscious self
* where we need to be
* reality principle
* delaying gratifiication
* balances id and superego
94
Delusions
strong beliefs that are not real
95
Effective Psychotherapy styles have in common?
hope, new persepctive on life, relationship b/t therapist and client (therapudic alliancr) empathy, trust, caring environment
97
Regression
retreating to earlier stage of development
example: biting nails, sucking thumb
98
Phases of Schizophrenia:
* Prodromal (little forms of schizo)
* Active (usually depression "activates" it)
* Residual ("beat" schizophrenia)
99
Psychoanalysis
Personality that attributes to thoughts and actions to unconscious :motives & conflicts
100
How to avoid bystander effect:
Don't assume someone else will help
101
Aversive Conditioning:
helps you learn what you should not do
102
Phobias are learned \_\_\_\_\_.
behaviors
104
The mind is mostly \_\_\_\_\_\_.
Hidden
106
Major Depressive Disorder
* often a response to past & current loss
* inactive, unmotivated
* lasts 2 or more weeks
* significant weight loss/gain
* agitation
* recurrent death thoughts
107
The manual of mental disorders:
DSM-V
108
Personality Testing:
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
* measures traits and unconscious conflicts
* most widely used
* over 500 t or f questions
* always need a rationale for the test
109
Conformity
adjusting our behavior or thinking towards a group or standard
110
Schizoaffective disorder
Psychosis
Schizophrenia
Bipolar
111
Psychological Disorder:
significant dysfuction to an individual's cognition, emotion, behavior
maladaptive
1/2 population
112
Obessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD)
* person is troubled by unwanted, repetitive thoughts/actions
* compulsive behaviors are responses to those thoughts
* more common among teens and young adults
* obessisions: thoughts, ideas, impulses, images that invade consciousness
* compulsions: behaviors, riutuals done to mange that anxiety take back control
113
People are more likely to help others in need when the victim is a woman, the person is in a good mood, they feel guilty, or if they are in a small town. T or F?
True
114
Self
organizer of thoughts, feelings, actions
115
Diagnosis for disorders:
collect all info about person
it is idiographic
multiple symptoms are highly correlated (syndrome)
116
Another word of saying major depressive disorder:
Depression
117
We assess the unconscious by tricking the "ego" to letting us in
True or false?
True
118
Openness:
flexibility, variety, nonconformist
119
ID
* basic drives to survive, reproduce, and aggress
* seeks immediate gratification
* unconscious psychic energy
120
Rationalization
offering explanation for actions
example: I would have won if the track wasn't wet
122
Talk therapy can change brain chemistry. T or F?
True
123
Empirically Supported Treatments (ESTs)
* manual for treatment
* broadly anxiety disorders respond best to CBT
* depression responds best to CBT requires a lot of cognitive help
125
Conscientiousness
* self-discipline
* careful pursuit of delayed goals
126
Who came up with self concept (who am I?)
Carl Rogers
127
Main technique that behavior therapists use:
Counterconditioning
128
Bipolar, schizophrenia, severe depression, severe anxiety responds best to:
psychopharmacology
129
Collectivism
giving priority to a group's goals instead of own
131
Fixation
lingering focus of pleasure seeking energies at an earlier stage where conflicts were not resolved
132
Ways to reduce tension of cognitive dissonance:
change actions, justify/hide actions, change beliefs
133
Panic Disorder
* person experiences episodes of intense dread (panic attack)
* irregular heartbear, chest pains, shortness of breath, dizziness
* cognitive beliefs: " I am going to die" "I am going to have a heart attack"
134
What is it called where children have sexual feelings toward opposite sex parents?
Oedipus & Electra Complexes
135
Who came up with reciprocal determinism
Bandura
* personality, thoughts, and social environment all influence one another
136
What are the psychosexual stages?
Oral, Anal, Phallic, Latency, Genital
(OAPLG)
137
Reaction Formation
switch unacceptable impulses into the opposite
example: being really happy, smiling a lot when I am actually sad
138
Genes do not account for traits. True or false?
False; they account for about 50%
139
Another word for Anti-Social Personality Disorder
Sociopath, Psychopath
140
A person with one disorder is less likely to have more than one. T or F?
False
141
Characteristic pattern of behavior or disposition to feel or act
trait
142
Traits and main advocate"
Advocate: Allport
characteristic pattern of behavior or disposition to feel or act
Allport is concerned less with explaining traits, versus describing them
peer reports, self inventories
traits are mostly stable over time
