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PSYCH 101 > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

Fundamental attribution error:

A

we overestimate influence of personality instead of situations

Example: that teach failed me because he is mean

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1
Q

Hippocampus is the memory processing center that is linked with emotions. T or F?

A

True

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2
Q

Projection

A

attributes thoughts, feelings, and ideas which are perceived as undesirable to someone else.

example: calling someone racists when the accuser is in fact racist

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2
Q

Extraversion

A

drawing energy from others, socialble

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2
Q

People are likely to help people in need when they ____, _____, and _______.

A

notice need, interpret it as an emergency, and assume responsbility

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2
Q

Fearfulness does not run in families. T or F

A

False

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3
Q

What are the 6 defense mechanisms?

A

Regression, Rationalization, Reaction Formation, Projection, Displacement, Denial

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4
Q

Schizophrenia

A
  • delusions & hallucinations
  • disorganized and delusional thinking
  • disturbed perceptions
  • inappropriate emotions/behaviors
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5
Q

Central Route Persuasion

A

offers evidence and arguements that aim favorable thoughts

example: environmentalists showing evidence of rising temps

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5
Q

A deeply religious person that curses, drinks, has premarital sex

This is what concept?

A

Cognitive Dissonance

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5
Q

Borderline Personality Disorder

A
  • sudden shifts in mood, inappropriate anger, self injury, splitting (sees all good or all bad) manipulation
  • Cinical procedure: bilogy and invalidation “why are you always like this”
  • Etiology–difficulty regulating emotions, abuse, neglected
  • Treatment–dialectical behavior therapy (different ways of viewing world)
  • Ex: Fatal Attraction (the woman was sick in bed and the man was being yelled at, she then in the next scene cut herself)
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6
Q

Example of a Projective Test:

A

Rorschach Inkblot Test (lets people tell stories about what they see in the ink)

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7
Q

Bystander Effect:

A

people are less likely to help a person in need because there is a diffusion of responsibility

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8
Q

Who is the advocate of social-cognitive perspective?

A

Bandura

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9
Q

Myers-Briggs

A

Extraversion-Introversion

Sensing-Intuition

Thinking-Feeling

Judging-Perceiving

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9
Q

Dialectical Behavior Therapy

A

LINEHAN:

used to treat borderline

therapist is direct & nondirective

emphathy and challenging

psychoeduation (teach them how their condition forms)

behavioral skills (tolerate stress, interpersonal skills, regulate emotions, mindfullness)

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10
Q

Ideal self versus Real self

A

Ideal self–who I’d like to be

Real self–who I actually am

If the two are similar then I represent positive self concept, if not then I have negative self concept

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12
Q

Narcissim

A

excessive self-life & self-absorption

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13
Q

men are more vulnerable to inernalized states. T or F?

A

False; externalized such as alcohol dependence, antisocial conduct, lack of impulse control

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14
Q

Sociopath vs Psychopath

A

Sociopath– does not care about people, hurt people in their way

Psychopath–secretly sweet, manipulative, facade

example: Dexter

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15
Q

What did Horney advocate?

A
  • Neofreudian who said childhood anxiety triggers desires for love & security
  • Countered that women have weak superegos & suffer “penis envy”
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15
Q

Stanely Milgram

A
  • Social Psychologist who did a study on obedience
  • obedeince to authority is powerful
  • human beings are capable of truly evil acts if they are in certain situations
  • they do what they are to

example: electric shock experiment and stanford prison experiment

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15
Q

Phobias

A
  • Person is intensely and irrationally afraid of a specific object, activity, or situation (stimulus)
  • Examples: social phobia (social anxiety disorder)
  • Agoraphobia (fear/avoidance of situations in which panic may strike)
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16
Q

What did Jung advocate?

A

Neofreudian who believed unconscious contains more than repressed thoughts and feelings

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16
Q

Agreeableness

A

helpful, trusting, friendly

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17
Q

People who have panic attacks don’t worry about having another. T or F?

A

False

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18
Q

We learn some fears by observing others. T or F?

A
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18
Q

Cognitive Behavioral Thinking (CBT)

A

Emotion, Thought, Behavior

they all influence one another

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19
Q

Antipsychotic medication

A

treat psychosis and extreme agitaition

most helpful for positive symptoms of schizophrenia

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21
Q

Spotlight effect

A

feeling that everyone judges & over evaluates us

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21
Q

Individualism

A

giving priority to own’s goals

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22
Q

Informal Social Influence and example:

A

we assume others are right, and we follow their lead

experiment: a group of people were givena simple task (line test)
the people before the participant picked the wrong answer and he was more likely to pick the wrong answer as well

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23
Q

Cluster A

A
  • odd, eccentric, unusual behavior ranging from distrust & suspiciousness to social detachment
  • Example: paraoid, schizoid, schizotypal
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24
Q

Personality Disorders:

A

rigid pervasive patterns

develop early in life

rarely seek treatment (they probably don’t know they have it)

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26
Q

What are the 3 interacting systems?

A

Id, Ego, Super ego

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27
Q

Behavior Therapists

A
  • elimination of unwanted behaviors (goal)
  • assume that behaviors are the problems
  • main technique–counterconditioning
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28
Q

Displacement

A

picking a fight with someone who has nothing to do with them

example: kicking a wall out of anger

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28
Q

Example of reciprocal determinism:

A

Bill is a happy smiley person because of his easy temperament. Because he smiles a lot, others too smile at him, which reinforces his smile (positive reinforcement), his mind is filled why he is smiling, the cycle continues

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28
Q

Not all scizophrenics are violent. T or F?

A

True

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28
Q

Age that schizophrenia forms:

A

late teens, early 20s

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28
Q

Some categories of the DSM

A
  • anxiety
  • OCD
  • depressive
  • personality
  • feeding/eating
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29
Q

What is the most biological psychiactric disorder?

A

Bipolar I Disorder

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29
Q

Bipolar I Disorder:

A
  • person alternates from state of hopelessness to a state of mania
  • strikes more people with vivid imagery and expressive (poets, writers, artists)
  • less common than major depressive disorder
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30
Q

Person Situation Controversy

A

traits are a function of personality, not situation; we might act different in different enviornments

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31
Q

Psychological disorders characterized by emotion extremes:

A

Mood disorders

  Major Depressive Disorder

  Bipolar Disorder
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32
Q

Aaron Beck’s Theory for Depression

A

helped people see how their depression is worsened by “catatrophizing”

Beck challenged these errors in thinking

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33
Q

We most likely conform when we are alone. T or F?

A

False; 3 or more

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34
Q

The opposite of foot-in-the-door

A

Door-in-the-face

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36
Q

Who developed the defense mechanisms:

A

Sigmund Freud

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38
Q

Superego

A
  • “perfection principle”
  • internalized ideals and provides standards got judgement (parent and society expectations)
  • manifestation of one’s conscious via one’s parent
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38
Q

Exposure Therapies

A

Systematic Desensitization (Joseph Wolpe)

you can’t be relzed and anxious at the same time

relaxation, create fear hierarchy, pair relaxation with feared object/situation, in vivo, forced exposure, modeling

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40
Q

Denial

A

refusing to believe painful realities

example: “this isn’t happening to me”

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41
Q

schizotypal

A
  • positive symptoms of schizophrenia
  • etiology–stress pushes it over
  • treatment–increasing contact, social skills, antipsychotics
  • example: DeNiro in Taxi Driver (fine at beginning then focused on killing man)
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42
Q

In the presence of audience, we perform better in what we do well.

T or F?

A

True

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42
Q

Cognitive Therapy

A

helps people develop more rational objective ways of thinking, catch dysfunctional thinking

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43
Q

There is a cure for schizophrenia. T or F?

A

False

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43
Q

Mania

A
  • Lasts about a week
  • Overtalkative
  • Hyperactive
  • Loud, flighty speech, fast talk
  • extreme optimism
  • grandiosity
  • goal-directed behavior
  • needs protection from poor judgement
44
Q

Norms

A

understood “rules” for acceptable behavior dictated by a culture

45
Q

Freud theory discrepancy:

A
  • personality develops over life time, not just childhood
  • he overemphasized sexuality
  • developmental stages are not concrete

good contributions:

  • origins of personality in childhood
  • unconscious thoughts, feelings, drives
  • defense mechanisms
46
Q

Most common mental disorder in the U.S. is :

A

Anxiety disorder

48
Q

Mood disorders run in families. T or F?

A

True

49
Q

Cluster C

A
  • anxiety & fearfulness
  • Ex: OCD, avoidant, dependent
50
Q

Who is the advocate of traits?

A

Allport

50
Q

Recurring depression during winter is known as:

A

Seasonal Affective Disorder

50
Q

General Anxiety Disorder:

A
  • person is tense, worried for no apparent reason
  • restlessness
  • irritability
  • tension
  • sleep issues
  • fatigue
52
Q

Belifes, ideas, attitudes, values and traditions shared by a group of people

A

Culture

53
Q

Psychotherapy methods:

A
  • take what is conscious and look for subconscious
  • look at client’s attachment history, relational style, psychological condlct, defenses
  • personality can be changed
54
Q

Cluster B

A
  • tendency to be dramatic, emotional, and erratic, impulsive behavior
  • example: histronic, narcissitic, borderline
55
Q

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

A
  • has to be a traumal the victim re-experiences the event
  • a person has lingering memories, nightmares, numb feeling of social withdrawl, jumpy anxiety, trouble sleeping for weeks
  • hypervigilant
  • high neurotisism
  • lack of coping
57
Q

Personalities shape situations. True or false?

A

True

58
Q

Treatment of Psychological Disorder

A
  • Psychopharmacology–study of drug effects on behavior, mood, mind
    *
59
Q

Histrionics

A
  • must be in center of attention, proactive, dramatic
  • etiology–reinforcement for dramaticism
  • example: Kim K
60
Q

Humanstic Therapists:

A

client centered

genuineness, empathy, acceptance, warmth (ROGER)

listen, understand, and validate

62
Q

External Locus of Control:

A

refers to the perception that chance or outside forces beyond personal control determines our fate

64
Q

Person-Centered Perspective:

A

Carl Rogers

  • Genuineness (open with own feelings, drop facades)
  • Acceptance offer unconditional positive regard (people accept you regardless of flaws, failures)
  • Empathy (sharing/mirroring feelings)
65
Q

Psychosis (Schizophrenia)

A

Delusions & Hallucinations

  • person loses contact with reality experiencing irrational ideas and distortion (living in a scary world)
67
Q

Two Humanistic perspective adovcates:

A

Maslow & Rogers

68
Q

Bipolar II Disorder

A
  • hypomanic (less severe) and MDE
  • period of normality shortens
  • rapid cycling
  • seasonal
  • psychosis
70
Q

Who studied psychoanalysis?

A

Sigmund Freud

71
Q

Case study of Bystander Effect:

A

Queens, NY

Kitty Genovese: a guy rapes her and attacked her. She even screamed “help me” other people say and assumed someone else would call the cops

close to 40 people saw and no one called cops

73
Q

Peripheral Route Persuasion:

A

does not require systematic thinking; produces fast results

example: celebrity endorsement

74
Q

True or false: Freud says that personality is formed before age 6

A

True

76
Q

Benefit of dream analysis:

A

Look for symbols that reside in unconscious

77
Q

Neuroticism

A

anxiety, insecurity, emotional instability

78
Q

Define: maladaptive

A

affects normal day-to-day life

79
Q

Attribution theory is where you look at the enviornment and the person. True or false?

A

True

80
Q

Regression, Rationalization, Reaction Formation, Projection, Displacement are all forms of _____.

A

Repression

81
Q

Internal Locus of Control:

A

we control our own fate, not outside forces

82
Q

Big 5 Personality Factors:

A
  • Openess
  • Conscientiousness
  • Extraversion
  • Agreeableness
  • Neuroticism
83
Q

Narcissistics

A
  • focus on power
  • etilogy–overcompensation, parents were too positive
  • treatment: focus on opinion of others, challenge them
  • example: Charlie Sheen “borrow my brain you can’t handle it” “bi-winning”
84
Q

Counterconditioning

A
  • uses classical conditions to evoke new sponse to stimuli that are triggering unwanted behavior
  • exposure and unwanted behavior
85
Q

Norepinephrine increases arousal and boots mood. T or F?

A

True

86
Q

Symptoms of Schizophrenia:

A

Positive Symptoms (Additive)

  • hallucinations
  • language cognitive impairments
  • bizarre behaviors
  • delusions
  • circumstantial speech (ex: laughing if being torutured)

Negative Symptoms (Subtractive)

  • 4 A’s
  • Alogia (lack/absense of speech)..ex: yes. no.
  • Avolition (lack of motivation)
  • Anhedonia (lack of enjoyment of activities person used to love)
  • Affect Blunted (little emotion in face)
  • Affect Flat (no emotion in face)
87
Q

Maslow

A
  • researched drives in animals
  • hierarchy of needs
  • certain needs need priority over others
88
Q

“Can I have $5? Thanks, actually can I have $10?”

This example is what concept?

A

Foot-in-the-Door

89
Q

Free Association

A

say whatever came to mind regardless of how embarrassing or trivial

90
Q

Some phobias examples:

A
  • heights
  • dogs
  • spiders
  • needles
91
Q

Antisocial personality disorder accounts for about 1/2 of all serial killers/rapists. T or F?

A

True

93
Q

Ego

A
  • conscious self
  • where we need to be
  • reality principle
  • delaying gratifiication
  • balances id and superego
94
Q

Delusions

A

strong beliefs that are not real

95
Q

Effective Psychotherapy styles have in common?

A

hope, new persepctive on life, relationship b/t therapist and client (therapudic alliancr) empathy, trust, caring environment

97
Q

Regression

A

retreating to earlier stage of development

example: biting nails, sucking thumb

98
Q

Phases of Schizophrenia:

A
  • Prodromal (little forms of schizo)
  • Active (usually depression “activates” it)
  • Residual (“beat” schizophrenia)
99
Q

Psychoanalysis

A

Personality that attributes to thoughts and actions to unconscious :motives & conflicts

100
Q

How to avoid bystander effect:

A

Don’t assume someone else will help

101
Q

Aversive Conditioning:

A

helps you learn what you should not do

102
Q

Phobias are learned _____.

A

behaviors

104
Q

The mind is mostly ______.

A

Hidden

106
Q

Major Depressive Disorder

A
  • often a response to past & current loss
  • inactive, unmotivated
  • lasts 2 or more weeks
  • significant weight loss/gain
  • agitation
  • recurrent death thoughts
107
Q

The manual of mental disorders:

A

DSM-V

108
Q

Personality Testing:

A

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)

  • measures traits and unconscious conflicts
  • most widely used
  • over 500 t or f questions
  • always need a rationale for the test
109
Q

Conformity

A

adjusting our behavior or thinking towards a group or standard

110
Q

Schizoaffective disorder

A

Psychosis

Schizophrenia

Bipolar

111
Q

Psychological Disorder:

A

significant dysfuction to an individual’s cognition, emotion, behavior

maladaptive

1/2 population

112
Q

Obessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD)

A
  • person is troubled by unwanted, repetitive thoughts/actions
  • compulsive behaviors are responses to those thoughts
  • more common among teens and young adults
  • obessisions: thoughts, ideas, impulses, images that invade consciousness
  • compulsions: behaviors, riutuals done to mange that anxiety take back control
113
Q

People are more likely to help others in need when the victim is a woman, the person is in a good mood, they feel guilty, or if they are in a small town. T or F?

A

True

114
Q

Self

A

organizer of thoughts, feelings, actions

115
Q

Diagnosis for disorders:

A

collect all info about person

it is idiographic

multiple symptoms are highly correlated (syndrome)

116
Q

Another word of saying major depressive disorder:

A

Depression

117
Q

We assess the unconscious by tricking the “ego” to letting us in

True or false?

A

True

118
Q

Openness:

A

flexibility, variety, nonconformist

119
Q

ID

A
  • basic drives to survive, reproduce, and aggress
  • seeks immediate gratification
  • unconscious psychic energy
120
Q

Rationalization

A

offering explanation for actions

example: I would have won if the track wasn’t wet

122
Q

Talk therapy can change brain chemistry. T or F?

A

True

123
Q

Empirically Supported Treatments (ESTs)

A
  • manual for treatment
  • broadly anxiety disorders respond best to CBT
  • depression responds best to CBT requires a lot of cognitive help
125
Q

Conscientiousness

A
  • self-discipline
  • careful pursuit of delayed goals
126
Q

Who came up with self concept (who am I?)

A

Carl Rogers

127
Q

Main technique that behavior therapists use:

A

Counterconditioning

128
Q

Bipolar, schizophrenia, severe depression, severe anxiety responds best to:

A

psychopharmacology

129
Q

Collectivism

A

giving priority to a group’s goals instead of own

131
Q

Fixation

A

lingering focus of pleasure seeking energies at an earlier stage where conflicts were not resolved

132
Q

Ways to reduce tension of cognitive dissonance:

A

change actions, justify/hide actions, change beliefs

133
Q

Panic Disorder

A
  • person experiences episodes of intense dread (panic attack)
  • irregular heartbear, chest pains, shortness of breath, dizziness
  • cognitive beliefs: “ I am going to die” “I am going to have a heart attack”
134
Q

What is it called where children have sexual feelings toward opposite sex parents?

A

Oedipus & Electra Complexes

135
Q

Who came up with reciprocal determinism

A

Bandura

  • personality, thoughts, and social environment all influence one another
136
Q

What are the psychosexual stages?

A

Oral, Anal, Phallic, Latency, Genital

(OAPLG)

137
Q

Reaction Formation

A

switch unacceptable impulses into the opposite

example: being really happy, smiling a lot when I am actually sad

138
Q

Genes do not account for traits. True or false?

A

False; they account for about 50%

139
Q

Another word for Anti-Social Personality Disorder

A

Sociopath, Psychopath

140
Q

A person with one disorder is less likely to have more than one. T or F?

A

False

141
Q

Characteristic pattern of behavior or disposition to feel or act

A

trait

142
Q

Traits and main advocate”

A

Advocate: Allport

characteristic pattern of behavior or disposition to feel or act

Allport is concerned less with explaining traits, versus describing them

peer reports, self inventories

traits are mostly stable over time

PSYCH 101 (1 decks)

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