Exam 3

Question 1

characteristics of animals

Answer 1

Heterotrophic
Multicellular
Differentiated Tissues
Shared evolutionary history
Sexual Reproduction
Mobility (for at least one part of life cycle)
Hox genes

Question 2

radial symmetry

Answer 2

body parts are arranged around a central axis

Question 3

bilateral symmetry

Answer 3

can be divided into mirror image halves on only one plane

Question 4

cephalization

Answer 4

concentration of sensory organs and nerve tissues at the organism’s anterior end or head

Question 5

protostomes

Answer 5

blastospore develops into mouth

Question 6

deuterostomes

Answer 6

blastospore develops into anus

Question 7

lophotrochozoans

Answer 7

includes annelids and mollusks, acoelomate (lack fluid filled body cavity)

Question 8

mollusk

Answer 8

split into three segments: foot, visceral mass, and mantle
Ex. snail

Question 9

cadherins

Answer 9

proteins involved in cellular adhesion

Question 10

annelids

Answer 10

segmented body plan with separate coelom and nerve center, permeable body wall, require moist environments
EX. earthworms, leeches

Question 11

ecdysozoans

Answer 11

includes arthropods

Question 12

arthropods

Answer 12

rigid exoskeleton, jointed appendages, muscles attached to endoskeleton inside, segmentation
Ex. crustaceans, insects, arachnids

Question 13

chordates

Answer 13

includes lampreys, chondrichthyans, fish with bony skeletons, lungfish, tetrapods, and mammals

Question 14

lampreys

Answer 14

have vertebrae (no example)

Question 15

chondrichthyans

Answer 15

jaws, teeth, paired fins, skeleton of pliable cartilage, leathery skin
Ex. sharks, rays, skates,

Question 16

fish with bony skeletons

Answer 16

have swim bladders, bony skeleton
Ex. ray finned fish, coelacanths

Question 17

lungfish

Answer 17

nasal opening in mouth, have lungs and gills

Question 18

tetrapods

Answer 18

four legged vertebrates
Ex. amphibians, amniotes

Question 19

mammals

Answer 19

hair, sweat glands, mammary glands, four chambered hearts
Ex. bears, humans

Question 20

platyhelminthes

Answer 20

flatworms, they are acoelomate

Question 21

coelomate

Answer 21

body cavity is a coelom that develops within the mesoderm (some protostomes, all deuterostomes)

Question 22

budding

Answer 22

form of asexual reproduction where, through mitosis, parent makes all differentiated cells for another organism and is attached to parent until breaking off

Question 23

fragmentation

Answer 23

form of asexual reproduction where parent divides into multiple parts which each grow into its own organism

Question 24

parthenogenesis

Answer 24

female produces diploid egg which grows into another individual

Question 25

endotherms

Answer 25

regulation of internal body temperature with high metabolic rates Ex. birds, mammals

Question 26

ectotherms

Answer 26

body temperature is determined by the temperature of the environment Ex. reptiles, fish, amphibians, invertebrates

Question 27

afferent neurons

Answer 27

carry sensory information from body receptors to the CNS (body to brain)

Question 28

efferent neurons

Answer 28

carry motor information from the brain to the PNS (brain to body)

Question 29

life history stages

Answer 29

1. embryonic stage 2. juvenile stage 3. adult stage 4. fecundity 5. lifespan

Question 30

r selected species

Answer 30

small size fast development short lived reproduction early in life many small offspring fast population growth rate no parental care weak competitive ability variable population size (often below carrying capacity) variable and unpredictable mortality

Question 31

k-selected species

Answer 31

large size slow development long lived reproduction later in life few large offspring slow population growth rate parental care strong competitive ability constant population size (close to carrying capacity) more constant and mortality predictable